Neuroprotective effects of Longxue Tongluo Capsule on ischemic stroke rats revealed by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats. Methods: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment. Results: Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC. Conclusion: The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.     

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用

目的:探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用。方法:检测1338例患者Cystatin C、血尿素(Urea)、血肌酐(Scr)和尿微量蛋白(UMP)。结果:Scr在UMP正常和异常组的比较中,P值>0.05;而Cystatin C的P值<0.01。结论:Cystatin C在肾功能早期损伤评估中灵敏度和特异性比Scr高,可作为肾功能早期损伤的标志物。     

Correction of protein and water-electrolyte metabolism disorders in patients with unformed fistulas of the small intestine

When treating 25 patients with the non-formed small intestinal fistulas, the use of alvesin "Novy" in the parenteral nutrition contributed to more intensive and effective correction of disorders in the protein and water-electrolyte metabolism as compared to that with the use of protein hydrolysates.     

Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp of anus: report of three cases

The term of "cloacogenic anal carcinoma", "cloacogenic zone" and "cloacal membrane" have been widely used, but the term of "inflammatory cloacogenic polyp" (ICP) was first applied and published by Lobert PF and Henry DA in 1981. Here we present three cases of ICP to stress its inflammatory property, predilection to invade cloacogenic zone of anus and polypoid shape, and to differentiate it from its related lesions as concise as possible.     

冷冻同种异体骨段移植修复股骨近段大块骨缺损

为观察大块冷冻同种异体骨移植后免疫功能的改变及预后,对13例恶性骨肿瘤瘤段切除后的骨缺损10.8～19.4cm(平均为14.6cm),分别采用冻冷异体松质骨段移植的髋关节加压融合术(6例)和异体股骨近段半关节移植成形术(7例)修复.10例分别于术前4天及术后14和28天检测其空腹外周血各项免疫学指标,以及术后3、6、9、12、24、48个月进行99mSPECT骨扫描(5例)和X-线片检查(12例),以观察宿主的免疫反应和异体骨愈合情况.结果:①外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(OKT3+,OKT4+,OKT8+)及血清补体(C3,C4)和循环免疫复合物(CiC)手术前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).②99mTe SPECT骨扫描显示:术后3～6个月移植的异体骨两端及髓腔内同位素浓集明显低于正常,而异体骨两端所对应的自体骨端同位素浓集明显高于正常,此现象于植入后9个月开始减弱,可达数年.X线片显示:异体骨愈合率为92.3%(12/13),2例移植的异体松质骨段于术后4～6年完全成活替代.以上可见:①冻冷异体骨段移植后宿主的全身免疫机能改变不明显,其反应是以局部炎症为主的细胞免疫过程;②异体骨可做为修复大块骨缺损的良好材料.     

喉功能保留的梨状窝癌外科治疗

目的 评价喉功能保留梨状窝癌的手术治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析了１９７４～１９９４年６月我院初治的４４例经保留喉功能手术治疗的梨状窝癌病例,其中Ｔ１１０例Ｔ２１８例,Ｔ４２例。２例术后放射治疗,４２例术前放射治疗,原发灶术式包括：３６例梨状窝切除术;８例喉及下咽部分切除术。结果 ４４例５年生存率为５０％,Ｉ期为８０％,Ⅱ期为７１．４３％,Ⅲ期为５２．９％,Ⅳ期为２６．７％,总的局部控制率为８１．８％     

Screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A

Quinolin-2-one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti-influenza activities of quinolin-2-one-containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3-aryl-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper-catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure–activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC₅₀ values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti-influenza agents.     

Phase I-II study of gamma interferon and 5-fluorouracil for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

We have completed a phase I/II trial to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of the combination of gamma interferon and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Gamma interferon was administered at a weekly dose of 100 micrograms. 5-fluorouracil was given as a 5 day continuous infusion days 1-5 of each 21 day cycle. In the phase I portion of the trial, the gamma interferon dose was held constant, while the 5-fluorouracil was escalated from 500 to 800 mg/m2/day. Serum neopterin and beta 2 microglobulin were measured prior to and 48 hours after each dose of gamma interferon for the first six weeks of treatment. Dose limiting toxicity was not encountered in the phase I part of the trial; therefore the phase II study was initiated at the 800 mg/m2/day dose of 5-fluorouracil. No responses were seen among 34 patients treated on the phase II trial. Forty-six percent of patients experienced disease stabilization and the remainder progressed through treatment. In the phase I trial, increments in neopterin and beta 2 microglobulin levels differed significantly between patients treated with lower and higher doses of 5-fluorouracil. We conclude that the addition of 5-fluorouracil to gamma interferon does not appear to enhance the cytokines clinical activity. Incremental increases in macrophage activation markers with escalating 5-fluorouracil doses suggests a role for 5-fluorouracil beyond its usual proposed cytotoxic activity and warrants further investigation into potential immunologic effects of this drug.     

Motility Disorders after Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy

About 30% of patients who have a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy suffer from abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of food and bloating made worse by eating. This syndrome, called the Roux stasis syndrome, is caused, in part, by a motility disorder of the Roux limb. Transection of the jejunum during the construction of the limb separates the limb from the natural small intestinal pacemaker located in the duodenum. Ectopic pacemakers then appear in the limb and trigger retrograde contractions in its proximal portion. These contractions slow transit through the limb and result in Roux stasis. Current nonsurgical treatment of the syndrome includes the use of prokinetic agents and intestinal pacing, neither of which has demonstrated long-term benefits. A near-total gastrectomy may speed upper gastrointestinal transit somewhat, but stasis in the Roux limb often persists. Our current approach aims at preventing the syndrome by the use of an ‘uncut’ Roux limb, an operation which preserves myoneural continuity between the duodenal pacemaker and the Roux limb and so prevents the appearance of ectopic pacemakers and stasis in the limb.