白花丹炮制工艺考察

目的:优化白花丹炮制工艺,为该药材的临床安全应用提供参考。方法:以白花丹醌、香草酸含量的综合评分为指标,通过正交试验考察炮制时间、白酒用量、乙醇体积分数对白花丹炮制工艺的影响。采用HPLC测定白花丹醌及香草酸含量,流动相甲醇-0.15%磷酸梯度洗脱,检测波长260 nm。结果:最佳酒炙炮制工艺为白酒用量0.2 m L·g-1,炮制时间45 min,乙醇体积分数12%。白花丹醌、香草酸质量分数分别为0.013 0%,0.019 3%。结论:优选的工艺条件稳定可行、方法简便,可用于白花丹的质量控制与酒炙品制备。     

胃食管反流病证型研究

为研究中医治疗胃食管反流病的辨证分型标准。对120例胃食管反流病患者主症，次症以及舌象，脉象等进行辨证分析。结果：各主要证型为胆热犯胃型9.17%，肝胃郁热刑51.67%，中虚气逆型25.83%，气郁痰阻型3.33%，提示胃食管反流病的辨证分型以肝胃郁热，中虚气逆，胆热犯胃，气郁痰阻四型为主。     

李德新从脾论治肝硬化腹水的经验探讨

介绍李德新教授“肝硬化腹水从脾论治”的学术观点。对肝硬化腹水的病机强调脾虚失运，水湿内停；在治疗方面注重标本兼治，以健脾益气、化湿行水为主，佐以养肝滋肾。     

双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯体内抗肿瘤作用

目的研究双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法以紫杉醇为阳性对照,观察4个双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯单体番荔枝塔亭戊(squamostatin-E,1)、番荔枝塔亭甲(squamostatin-A,2)、去乙酰紫玉盘素(desacetyluvaricin,3)、泡番荔枝辛(bullatacin,4)对移植性肝癌Heps和肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对小鼠体质量与肝、胸腺和脾指数的影响。结果与模型组比较,化合物1高剂量(60μg/kg)、化合物3和4低剂量(15μg/kg)对移植性肝癌Heps荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有极显著抑制作用(P<0.01),抑制率分别为51.6%、32.5%、63.4%;化合物2和3高剂量(60μg/kg)对移植性肝癌Heps荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),抑制率分别为31.2%、70.9%;紫杉醇40μg/kg的抑瘤率为62.2%。化合物3高剂量对移植性肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有极显著抑制作用(P<0.01),抑制率为63.9%;紫杉醇40μg/kg的抑瘤率为48.9%。结论化合物1～4对移植性肝癌Heps荷瘤小鼠、肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠均有明显抗肿瘤作用,部分化合物的抗肿瘤活性强于紫杉醇。     

Regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUNDLipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory-immune activation are vital triggers in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various studies have shown that PPAR-γ exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in modulating cell crosstalk in NAFLD.AIMTo investigate whether the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation.METHODSPrimary hepatocytes were isolated from wild-type C57BL6/J mice or hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice and incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs). Macrophages were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from lipid-laden hepatocytes with or without a PPAR-γ agonist. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and administered rosiglitazone.RESULTSPrimary hepatocytes exhibited significant lipid deposition and increased ROS production after incubation with FFAs. CM from lipid-laden hepatocytes promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A PPAR-γ agonist ameliorated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes and subsequently prevented M1 macrophage polarization. Hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Rosiglitazone administration improved oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HF diet-induced NAFLD mice in vivo.CONCLUSIONUpregulation of PPAR-γ activity in hepatocytes alleviated NAFLD by modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages via the reactive oxygen species-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.     

针刺十宣、小海穴配合功能训练治疗中风后手功能障碍疗效观察

目的观察针刺以十宣、小海穴为主穴治疗中风后患者手功能障碍的临床疗效。方法将165例中风后手指不能活动的患者随机分为治疗组85例和对照组80例。治疗组患者上肢在常规针刺取穴基础上加用十宣、小海两穴,对照组患者上肢采用常规针刺取穴,针刺结束后两组均进行上肢的功能训练,分别于治疗前、3个疗程后采用神经功能缺损评分标准的手指功能（肌力）记分和Fugl-meyer功能量表中手功能的评分进行评估。结果治疗组治疗3个疗程后手指肌力和手功能恢复方面明显优于对照组（均P〈0.05）。结论针刺十宣、小海穴配合功能训练是一种治疗中风后手功能障碍的有效方法。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌一线治疗后的维持治疗

维持治疗是目前晚期非小细胞肺癌研究的热点之一,包括继续维持治疗和换药维持治疗。维持治疗可能对延长患者总生存期有益。本文综述晚期非小细胞肺癌一线治疗后维持治疗的研究进展。     

Comparative toxicity of silicon dioxide,silver and iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration to rats

Although silicon dioxide (SiO₂), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles are widely used in diverse applications from food to biomedicine, in vivo toxicities of these nanoparticles exposed via the oral route remain highly controversial. To examine the systemic toxicity of these nanoparticles, well‐dispersed nanoparticles were orally administered to Sprague–Dawley rats daily over a 13‐week period. Based on the results of an acute toxicity and a 14‐day repeated toxicity study, 975.9, 1030.5 and 1000 mg kg^–1 were selected as the highest dose of the SiO₂, Ag and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, respectively, for the 13‐week repeated oral toxicity study. The SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles did not induce dose‐related changes in a number of parameters associated with the systemic toxicity up to 975.9 and 1000 mg kg^–1, respectively, whereas the Ag nanoparticles resulted in increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium as well as lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney, raising the possibility of liver and kidney toxicity induced by the Ag nanoparticles. Compared with the SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles showing no systemic distribution in all tissues tested, the Ag concentration in sampled blood and organs in the Ag nanoparticle‐treated group significantly increased with a positive and/or dose‐related trend, meaning that the systemic toxicity of the Ag nanoparticles, including liver and kidney toxicity, might be explained by extensive systemic distribution of Ag originating from the Ag nanoparticles. Our current results suggest that further study is required to identify that Ag detected outside the gastrointestinal tract were indeed a nanoparticle form or ionized form. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生长激素治疗生长激素缺乏症的时机探讨及疗效观察

目的 :观察重组人生长激素 (r hGH)治疗原发性生长激素缺乏 (GHD)患儿的临床疗效 ,并探讨治疗的最佳时机。方法 :用r hGH治疗 18例GHD患者 1年 ,对比治疗前后生长指标的变化及不同骨龄阶段的生长效果。结果 :治疗后患者身高标准差积分、生长速度 (GV)、身高年龄 (HA)及骨龄 (BA)较治疗前明显增加 (P <0 0 1) ,其中以治疗开始后的前 6月身高增长最快 ,相应骨龄的增长也最快。小骨龄组的患者GV、△HA及△BA明显快于大骨龄组。结论 :GH能有效的促进GHD患儿身高增长 ,GHD患儿宜尽早给予GH治疗。     

天冬天精的合成

本文通过全新的合成路线,以L-苯丙氨酸为起始化合物,经过甲酯化、游离、成内酐、缩合、水解、精制等6步反应得到天冬天精,总收率达到45．85％,较文献收率提高了8％,质量符合标准。