原花青素对肢体缺血再灌注后大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用

目的探讨原花青素对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注(limb ischemia reperfusion,LIR)后肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法健康成年SD大鼠21只,随机分为三组:假手术组(n=7),肢体缺血再灌注组(n=7)和原花青素组(n=7);原花青素组给予原花青素[100 mg/(kg·d)]预处理7 d,假手术组和肢体缺血再灌注组给予等量色拉油,预处理7 d。肢体缺血再灌注组和原花青素组采用止血带结扎大鼠左后肢3 h后再灌注18 h的方法建立肢体缺血再灌注动物模型。假手术组行止血带结扎操作后立即剪断止血带。测定各组动物的血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和前列环素(PGI2)含量,以及肠组织的分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量。结果与假手术组比较,肢体缺血再灌注组大鼠血清DAO活性显著升高(P<0.05),血清PGI2含量显著增多(P<0.01),肠组织中sIgA含量显著减少(P<0.05);与肢体缺血再灌注组比较,原花青素组大鼠血清DAO活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清PGI2含量显著减少(P<0.01),肠组织中sIgA含量显著增加(P<0.05)。结论原花青素对LIR所致的肠黏膜屏障功能损伤具有保护作用。     

Bidirectional Relationships Between Weight Change and Sleep Apnea in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Objective

To examine the bidirectional relationship between weight change and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the context of a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Effects of perioperative statins on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Background: Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery. However, controversy remains regarding whether perioperative administration of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has a beneficial effect on patient outcomes.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to validate the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 10 November 2017. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared perioperative statin treatment with control treatment in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery and reported data pertaining to clinical outcomes.

Results: Twelve RCTs involving 4707 patients (2371 in the perioperative statin group and 2336 in the control group) were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation were all lower in patients treated with statins than in control group patients, as shown by the fixed-effects model (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.460, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?0.324–0.653, p?=?0 for myocardial infarction; OR?=?0.617, 95% CI?=?0.476–0.801, p?=?0 for composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke; OR?=?0.406, 95% CI?=?0.247–0.666, p?=?0 for new atrial fibrillation). No significant differences in the incidences of stroke or transient ischemic attack, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were observed between the statin and control arms.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that perioperative statins effectively reduce the incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

• Key Messages

• Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery.

• We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

     

中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究

目的：探讨中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤的临床疗效。方法：选取100例Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度烧烫伤患者,随机分为对照组50例、治疗组50例,对照组运用常规法处理,治疗组在对照组基础上予以中药烧伤2号酊做内敷料,外用棉垫包扎。观察两组患者临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗组有效率为96％,平均显效病程为4．1 d;对照组有效率为60％,平均显效病程为7．8 d,两组有效率及平均显效病程比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤具有良好的临床效果。文献引用：唐政．中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究[J]．中医学报,2015,30（5）：668－669．     

Dietary polyphenol canolol from rapeseed oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage through the modulation of the p38 signaling pathway

Canolol (CAO) is a main phenolic compound with remarkable antioxidative properties that is generated in rapeseed oil during microwave pressing. The objective of this study was to identify the protective effect of CAO in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-triggered oxidative stress and reveal the role of the p38 MAPK pathway during the protective process. CAO treatment showed an observable cytoprotective effect. Results showed that CAO significantly improved H₂O₂-stimulated cell death, and diminished ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Moreover, CAO increased glutathione (GSH) content and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). As a result, apoptosis was ameliorated and depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. Western blotting analysis demonstrated CAO downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Notably, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by CAO in H₂O₂-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by its inhibitor (SB203580). Taken together, our study demonstrated the pivotal role of the p38 MAPK pathway in the cytoprotective effect of CAO on oxidative stress-induced cell damage, suggesting CAO is a promising antioxidant in food and health-related fields.

Canolol extracted from rapeseed oil attenuated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cellular redox status imbalance by inhibition of p38 phosphorylation.     

ICL V4c矫正超高度近视术后视觉质量的短期观察

目的：短期观察超高度近视患者植入 ICL V4c术后的视觉质量。

方法：收集植入ICL V4c的超高度近视患者78例100眼的临床资料,术前近视屈光度数为-11.25～-20.00(-13.25±2.05)D,术前裸眼视力<0.10,术前和术后1mo对患者进行视力及屈光状态、对比敏感度及波前像差检查。

结果：术后裸眼视力≥0.7者97眼(97%),≥1.0者37眼(37%)。裸眼视力≥术前矫正视力者90眼(90%)。术后1mo各空间频率的对比敏感度和眩光对比敏感度均明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。术后1mo患者总的高阶像差、彗差、球差、二次彗差及二次球差与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后出现2眼自身晶状体混浊; 2眼眼压增高; 3眼出现角膜反应; 1眼出现夜间眩光和光晕,术后6mo上述症状基本稳定或消失。

结论：短期内超高度近视患者植入ICL V4c术后视觉质量得到了明显提高。     

Biocompatible surface modification of nano-scale zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for enhanced drug delivery

Recently, nanoscale metal organic frameworks have attracted considerable attention as a novel drug delivery system platform owing to their highly efficient drug loading and delivery capacities. However, their low dispersity in aqueous media, poor biocompatibility, and non-active targeting ability seriously limit their further clinical application. To address these issues, a hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated ZIF-8 nanocomposite (CCM@ZIF-8/HA) was successfully developed for use in anti-cancer treatment through efficient curcumin (CCM) delivery. The resultant CCM@ZIF-8/HA showed a long-term pH-dependent controlled drug release based on the core–shell structure of the encapsulation by HA. Moreover, compared to bare CCM@ZIF-8, the obtained ternary assembly showed enhanced dispersity in PBS, promoted cellular uptake, and greater growth inhibition against HeLa cells. Thus, CCM@ZIF-8/HA can not only serve as an ideal drug carrier, but it can also provide a general surface modification strategy to promote the performance of metal organic frameworks for efficient drug delivery.

In this study, we present a general approach for harnessing the surface of ZIF-8 with hyaluronic acid (HA) for enhanced anti-cancer treatment by efficient curcumin (CCM) delivery.     

Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, total homocysteine concentrations > 15 μmol/L) has been associated with increased risk of many diseases. A systematic review was performed to summarize the prevalence of HHcy in China. We searched multiple international and Chinese scientific databases for relevant literature, and further manually screened reference lists and corresponded with original authors. Pooled prevalence of HHcy was calculated using random effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were also performed. A total of 36 studies consisting 60,754 subjects (57.3% male; age range, 3–97 years) were finally included. The overall pooled prevalence of HHcy was 27.5%. Geographically, the prevalence was high in north areas, intermediate in central areas, and low in south areas, and was higher in inland versus coastal areas. The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in men than in women. Rural residents had a slightly higher HHcy prevalence than urban residents, and the studies conducted during 2006 to 2012 presented a higher HHcy prevalence than those during 1990 to 2005. In summary, the prevalence of HHcy in China is high, particularly in northern populations, the inlanders, males, and the elderly. Homocysteine-lowering strategies are necessary to reduce this highly preventable disorder.