舌鳞状细胞癌上皮-间质转化与血管生成拟态的关系及意义

目的初步探讨舌鳞状细胞癌（TSCC）上皮-间质转化（EMT）与血管生成拟态（VM）的关系及意义。 方法对65例TSCC组织及相应癌旁正常组织采用免疫组化检测EMT标记物E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达情况,同时CD34联合PAS双重染色检测VM情况。 结果Vimentin在癌和癌旁正常上皮的阳性表达率分别是41.54%和0%,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-5.815,P= 0.000）,Vimentin表达与肿瘤组织分化、临床分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关。E-cadherin在TSCC和癌旁正常上皮的阳性表达率分别是阳性率56.92%和100%,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-5.951,P= 0.000）,E-cadherin表达与临床分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关。VM在TSCC和癌旁正常组织的出现的例数比率是33.14%和0%,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.946,P= 0.000）,VM与肿瘤临床分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关。相关分析显示,E-cadherin与Vimentin具有负相关关系（r=-0.507,P= 0.000）,Vimentin表达与VM具有正相关关系（r= 0.592,P= 0.000）,VM与E-cadherin具有负相关关系（r=-0.518,P= 0.000）。 结论TSCC中存在EMT及VM,存在EMT和VM的TSCC具有更高临床分期和容易发生淋巴结转移,两者具有密切相关性,对TSCC侵袭、转移具有重要作用。     

CT spectral imaging for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG-013736 in rabbit VX2 liver tumours

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT) spectral imaging in assessing the therapeutic efficacy of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitor AG-013736 in rabbit VX2 liver tumours.

Methods

Twenty-three VX2 liver tumour–bearing rabbits were scanned with CT in spectral imaging mode during the arterial phase (AP) and portal phase (PP). The iodine concentrations(ICs)of tumours normalized to aorta (nICs) at different time points (baseline, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after treatment) were compared within the treated group (n?=?17) as well as between the control (n?=?6) and treated groups. Correlations between the tumour size, necrotic fraction (NF), microvessel density (MVD), and nICs were analysed.

Results

The change of nICs relative to baseline in the treated group was lower compared to the control group. A greater decrease in the nIC of a tumour at 2 days was positively correlated with a smaller increase in tumour size at 14 days (P?<?0.05 for both). The tumour nIC values in AP and PP had correlations with MVD (r?=?0.71 and 0.52) and NF (r?=?-0.54 and -0.51) (P?<?0.05 for all).

Conclusions

CT spectral imaging allows for the evaluation and early prediction of tumour response to AG-013736.

Key Points

? AG-013736 treatment response was evaluated by CT in a rabbit tumour model.? CT spectral imaging allows for the early treatment monitoring of targeted anti-tumour therapies.? Spectral CT findings correlated with vascular changes after anti-tumour therapies.? Spectral CT is a promising method for assessing clinical treatment response.

     

Applied research on serum protein fingerprints for prediction of Qi deficiency syndrome and phlegm and blood stasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Objective

This study screened serum tumor biomarkers by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to establish a subset which could be used for the prediction of Qi deficiency syndrome and phlegm and blood stasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer; and as diagnostic model of Chinese medicine.

Methods

Serum samples from 63 lung cancer patients with Qi deficiency syndrome and phlegm and blood stasis, and 28 lung cancer patients with non-Qi deficiency syndrome and phlegm and blood stasis were analyzed using SELDI-TOF-MS with a PBS II-C protein chip reader. Protein profiles were generated using immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC3) protein chips. Differentially-expressed proteins were screened. Protein peak clustering and classification analyses were performed using Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Pattern software packages, respectively.

Results

A total of 268 effective protein peaks were detected in the 1,000–10,000 Da molecular range for the 15 serum proteins screened (P<0.05). The decision tree model was M 2284.97, with a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 66.7%.

Conclusion

SELDI-TOF-MS techniques, combined with a decision tree model, can help identify serum proteomic biomarkers related to Qi deficiency syndrome and phlegm and blood stasis in lung cancer patients; and the predictive model can be used to discriminate between Chinese medicine diagnostic models of disease.     

岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术特征及并发症。方法回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的12例岩斜区脑膜瘤资料。对肿瘤临床和影像学特征、手术入路、手术切除技巧及术后常见并发症的处理进行研究进行分析。结果全切除9例,大部切除3例。术后顽固性脑水肿2例,一侧肢体瘫痪1例,周围性面瘫3例,脑脊液耳漏2例,腰穿置管持续引流后痊愈。脑脊液鼻漏1例,腰穿引流后及耳咽管堵塞后痊愈。无死亡病例。结论经岩骨乙状窦前入路是处理岩斜区脑膜瘤的主要手术入路。颅底重建技术对于防止术后并发症起到了关键作用。     

原发性高血压患者的述情障碍研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者的述情障碍情况.方法以多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)对69例原发性高血压患者进行测评并与正常人作对照.结果高血压患者TAS总分为(74.06±8.77)分,明显高于对照组(66.06±6.38)分,因子分中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ因子为显著,男,女患者之间无差异.结论述情障碍常见于原发性高血压患者,临床医师应预以重视.     

国外家庭护理流程化管理模式的概况及启示

随着人口老龄化卫生压力日益增加,家庭护理由于具有良好的成本效益,已成为许多发达国家缓解老年卫生资源供需矛盾的基本卫生政策[1].家庭护理的发展平台是社区卫生服务.从经营方式上划分,目前国际上存在3种社区卫生服务发展模式[2],代表国家分别是美国、英国和日本.     

机器人消化内镜系统的研制及机械模型与活体动物实验研究（含视频）

目的　研制机器人消化内镜系统（robotic digestive endoscope system，RDES），验证其可行性、安全性及操控性能。方法　基于主从控制系统设计RDES，包含3部分：整合内镜主体包括内镜和与之整合的内镜旋钮/按钮控制系统；机械臂系统包括基座、机械臂及连接在其上的内镜进退操控装置（有力反馈）和内镜轴向旋转操控装置；操控台包括内镜控制主手和图像显示器。操作者坐在远离检查台的操控台前，操控主手实现内镜头端弯曲、镜身进退及旋转，并通过主手上的按钮实现送气、送水、吸引、定图以及运动比切换功能。（1）活体猪胃镜检查实验：初学组、高级组医师各5名，每人分别操控RDES及普通内镜（间隔2周）行活体猪胃镜检查6次，比较检查时间。（2）仿真胃模型内壁画圆实验：初学组、高级组医师各5名，每人分别操控RDES 1∶1、RDES 5∶1模式和普通内镜完成画圆实验各6次，比较3种方式完成时间、准确度（即轨迹偏差）和工作量。结果　RDES运行良好，力反馈良好。活体猪胃镜检查实验中，胃镜检查均顺利完成，无黏膜损伤及出血、穿孔。初学组和高级组医师操控RDES的检查时间均随操控例次增加呈下降趋势，但操控RDES的下降值大于操控普通内镜（初学组P=0.033；高级组P=0.023）。仿真胃模型内壁画圆实验中，初学组医师操控RDES 1∶1、5∶1模式完成内镜下画圆时间均短于普通内镜［1.68（1.40，2.17）min、1.73（1.47，2.37）min比4.13（2.27，5.16）min，H=32.506，P<0.001］，轨迹偏差均优于普通内镜［（0.50±0.11）mm、（0.46±0.11）mm比（0.82±0.26）mm，F=38.999，P<0.001］，工作量均小于普通内镜［42.00（30.00，50.33）分、43.33（35.33，54.00）分比52.67（48.67，63.33）分，H=20.056，P<0.001］；高级组医师操控RDES 1∶1、5∶1模式完成时间均长于普通内镜［1.72（1.37，2.53）min、1.57（1.25，2.58）min比1.15（0.86，1.58）min，H=13.233，P=0.001］，但轨迹偏差［0.47（0.13，0.57）mm、0.44（0.39，0.58）mm比0.52（0.42，0.59）mm，H=3.202，P=0.202］、工作量［（44.62±21.77）分、（41.24±12.57）分比（44.71±17.92）分，F=0.369，P=0.693］和普通内镜差异无统计学意义。结论　RDES可实现远台操控，大大降低了工作强度；RDES可同时调控大小旋钮，使操控更灵活；RDES增加了运动比模式，使操控更精细；RDES易于初学者掌握，有望缩短医师培养周期；RDES为实现内镜远程操控和全自动消化内镜提供了可能。     

胆漏的原因及防治（附２２例报告）

目的 探讨胆漏的原因及防治策略。方法 回顾分析了１９９３年１月至１９９８年１２月收治的２２例胆漏病人发生胆漏的原因、治疗方法及效果。结果 １９例首选非手术治疗，其中１例死亡，３例中转手术治疗，余１５例治愈，非手术治愈率７９％（１５／１９）。３例首选急诊手术治愈。３例中转手术病人中，１例再手术时遗漏对胆管结扎伤的处理,余２例治愈。全组总治愈率为９１％（２０／２２）。结论 胆漏多发生于胆囊切除术及Ｔ管排除后，主要与炎症、粘连、解剖变异和操作不仔细有关，预防应从首次手术前、中、后三个环节着手，胆漏发生后应根据胆漏大小、病情轻重选择手术治疗和非手术治疗。     

boc-Aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone attenuates mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and delays brain tissue loss after traumatic brain injury in rats.

The pathobiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes activation of multiple caspases followed by cell death with a spectrum of apoptotic phenotypes. There are initiator (e.g. caspase-2, -8, and -9) and effector (e.g. caspase-3 and -7) caspases. Recently, caspase-2 and -8 have been shown to regulate cell death via provoking cytochrome c release from the mitochondria upstream of caspase-9. Here, we show that an intracerebral injection of the pan-caspase inhibitor boc-Aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (BAF; 1 micromol) 1 min after TBI in rats reduces caspase-3-like activity, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and tissue damage, and cytochrome c release in ipsilateral cortex at 24 h versus vehicle. To investigate whether either caspase-2 and/or caspase-8 activation may contribute to cytochrome release, the effect of BAF treatment on caspase-2 and caspase-8 proteolysis was also examined. boc-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone treatment inhibited proteolysis of caspase-2 but not caspase-8 24 h after TBI in rats versus vehicle. However, BAF with or without nerve growth factor (12.5 ng/h x 14 days intracerebrally via osmotic pump) did not result in differences in motor function, Morris water maze performance, hippocampal neuron survival, nor contusion volume at 14 days. These data suggest that BAF treatment reduces acute cell death after TBI by inhibiting mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, possibly via a mechanism involving initiator caspases; however, BAF appears to delay cell death, rather than result in permanent protection.     

奋斗芃对3种卫生害虫的室内杀灭效果观察

目的 :观察奋斗呐 10 %悬浮剂对卫生害虫的室内杀灭效果。方法 :强迫接触法。结果 :10、2 0和 30mgai/m2 剂量在水泥板面 ,清漆三合板面和玻璃板面对家蝇和淡色库蚊的持效可达 84d ,对德国小蠊除水泥板面、清漆三合板面 10mgai/m2 剂量持效 5 6d和 70d外 ,其余可达 84d。3种板面中 ,玻璃板面效果最好。 3种害虫中 ,对家蝇的杀灭效果好于淡色库蚊和德国小蠊。结论 :本药剂对 3种卫生害虫具有良好的速杀和持效作用。