Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: report of a case and review of literature

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma (EHT) is an exceedingly rare lesion that usually arises in the lower neck and mainly affects adult men. We present the clinicopathological features of a case of EHT in a 28-year-old Chinese male, together with a literature review. Ultrasound imaging and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck demonstrated a 3.0-cm well-defined nodule of heterogeneous density located within the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The patient underwent a gross total resection of the tumor. Grossly, the well-demarcated, encapsulated mass had a predominantly solid and gray-white appearance admixed with microcystic foci filled with serous content and yellowish regions. The lesion consisted of an irregular admixture of spindle cells, epithelium, and mature adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that both the spindle cell and epithelial components were diffuse and had intense nuclear positivity for p63 and cytoplasmic reactivity for pan-cytokeratin, CK7, and CK19. The patient was followed for 18 months without any evidence of metastasis or recurrence.     

Adoptive T-cell therapy of prostate cancer targeting the cancer stem cell antigen EpCAM

Background

Adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating or circulating lymphocytes transduced with tumor antigen receptors has been examined in various clinical trials to treat human cancers. The tumor antigens targeted by transferred lymphocytes affects the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. Because cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis, we hypothesized that adoptive transfer of T cells targeting a CSC antigen could result in dramatic anti-tumor effects.

Results

An EpCAM-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) was constructed to transduce human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and thereby enable them to target the CSC marker EpCAM. To investigate the therapeutic capabilities of PBLs expressing EpCAM-specific CARs, we used two different tumor models, PC3, the human prostate cancer cell line, which has low expression levels of EpCAM, and PC3M, a highly metastatic clone of PC3 that has high expression levels of EpCAM. We demonstrate that CAR-expressing PBLs can kill PC3M tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Despite the low expression of EpCAM on PC3 cells, CAR-expressing PBLs significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in a PC3 metastasis model, probably by targeting the highly proliferative and metastatic population of cancer cells.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that PBLs expressing with EpCAM-specific CARs have significant anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer. Therefore, the adoptive transfer of T cells targeting EpCAM could have great potential as a cancer treatment.     

PPH加Block术与单纯Block术治疗直肠前突的临床比较研究

目的 探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH 术）加直肠闭式修补术（Block 术）治疗直肠前突的临床疗效。方法 近9年来对女性直肠前突患者先后采用Block 术（36 例）和PPH+Block 术（41 例）治疗,分析两组患者的临床资料,观察并比较其术后第1 天出血量、术后并发症的发生率及疗效。结果 两组患者术后第1 天出血量及术后并发症发生率的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。术后3、6、12个月PPH+Block 术组与Block 术组的痊愈率分别为85.4%、82.9%、82.9%和58.3%、52.8%、52.8%,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 PPH+Block 术治疗直肠前突较单纯Block 术疗效更好,值得推广应用。     

脑-星状神经节-心房通路调控巨噬细胞对犬急性脑卒中后心房颤动的影响

目的探讨脑-星状神经节-心房通路对犬急性脑卒中(AS)后心房颤动(房颤)的影响及其调控机制。方法26只比格犬按随机数字表法随机分为假手术组(Sham组,n=6)、急性脑卒中组(AS组,n=7)、星状神经节消融(stellate ganglion ablation)组(SGA组,n=6)和巨噬细胞清除组(CL组,n=7)。Sham组犬开颅手术后不行大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO);AS组行MCAO后建立AS模型;SGA组行MCAO后行左侧星状神经节(LSG)消融;CL组行MCAO后于左、右心房注射磷酸二钠脂质体。4组犬于3 d后记录心房有效不应期(ERP)、有效不应期离散度(dERP)、房颤诱发率、交感神经活性、巨噬细胞及相关炎性细胞因子表达水平。结果与Sham组比,AS组心房dERP[(14.8±2.1)ms对(36.5±4.8)ms,P<0.05]和房颤诱发率[(4.4±2.2)%对(24.4±4.4)%,P<0.05]均明显升高,而SGA组与CL组dERP[(36.5±4.8)ms对(21.0±3.6)ms,(17.6±2.8)ms,均P<0.05]和房颤诱发率[(24.4±4.4)%对(5.5±2.7)%,(5.3±3.2)%,均P<0.05]均较AS组显著降低;Sham组、SGA组和CL组间房颤诱发率和巨噬细胞水平差异无统计学意义;AS组和CL组LSG活性均较Sham和SGA组明显增加;AS组巨噬细胞和相关炎性因子浸润明显高于Sham、CL和SGA组。结论脑-星状神经节-心房系统可通过增加心房组织巨噬细胞水平增加AS模型犬房颤的易患性。     

老年患者经远端桡动脉与经典桡动脉行冠状动脉诊疗的临床疗效及安全性比较

目的对比分析经远端桡动脉与经典桡动脉途径在PCI中临床效果的差异。方法选择我院行冠状动脉造影检查和(或)PCI的老年患者200例,根据穿刺部位不同分为远端桡动脉组及经典桡动脉组,每组100例。比较2组血管内径、穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、置入支架数、手术时间及手术成功率;记录患者并发症发生情况。结果2组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、穿刺时间、手术时间及置入支架数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),虽然远端桡动脉组较经典桡动脉组血管内径略细,但2组比较差异无统计学意义[(2.4±0.2)mm vs(2.6±0.3)mm,P>0.05]。2组患者PCI术中无死亡及脑卒中发生。远端桡动脉组桡动脉痉挛(3.0%vs 9.0%,P=0.048)、桡动脉闭塞(1.0%vs 8.0%,P=0.031)、并发症发生率(6.0%vs 21.0%,P=0.013)明显低于经典桡动脉组,差异有统计学意义,2组局部血肿、动脉瘤、动静脉瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论远端桡动脉途径的桡动脉痉挛发生率及闭塞率更低,安全性好,可以作为经典桡动脉的替代途径应用于临床。     

超声检查评估克罗恩病活动性的价值

目的分析克罗恩病患者超声声像图特征,探讨超声检查评估克罗恩病活动性的价值。方法 2011年8月至2012年8月上海第十人民医院收治的克罗恩病患者25例。其中克罗恩病活动指数(CDAI)评分150分(缓解期)12例,150～450分(活动期)13例。每例患者均行内镜(结肠镜或小肠镜)检查、腹部超声检查。非炎性病变(缓解期)和炎症(活动期)肠段肠壁厚度比较采用两独立样本t检验。以内镜检查结果作为金标准,能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性与CDAI评分判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率比较采用χ2检验。结果 25例克罗恩病患者经内镜检查判断活动期20例,缓解期5例。所有患者均能获得满意的超声图像。本组超声诊断克罗恩病22例,诊断准确率为88%(22/25)。超声检测非炎性病变(缓解期)肠段肠壁厚度为(2.06±0.62)mm,低于炎症(活动期)肠段肠壁厚度(7.90±2.90)mm,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.53,P0.05)。本组25例克罗恩病患者能量多普勒超声判断缓解期7例,活动期18例。能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率为92%(23/25);而根据CDAI评分判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率仅为64%(16/25),低于能量多普勒超声判断克罗恩病活动性的符合率,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.39,P0.05)。超声检查发现腹腔脓肿1例,腹腔淋巴结肿大7例,腹腔积液2例。结论超声检查对肠壁厚度、结构层次、回声及肠外并发症的观察具有一定的优势,能准确评估克罗恩病活动性,对克罗恩病的诊治具有指导意义。