Neuroprotective effect of estrogen after chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats

BACKGROUND: At present, there is still lack of effective drugs for chronic spinal cord injury, whereas it is found recently that estrogen has a neuroprotective effect on brain and spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of estrogen on the apoptosis of nerve cells after gradual chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Institute of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. MATERIALS: Sixty-five female Wistar rats of common degree, weighing 220–250 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Lanzhou University. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =5), estrogen-treated group (n =30) and saline control group (n =30), and the latter two groups were observed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days respectively, and 5 rats for each time point. METHODS: All the rats were treated with bilateral oophorectomy 2 weeks before the experiment. T10 vertebral lamina was revolved into using plastic screw. The spinal canal impingement was not induced initially. After that, the original incision was opened to expose the screw every 7–10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The apoptosis and Caspase-3 positive cells in the damaged spinal cord were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after chronic spinal cord injury respectively. RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were used, and the deleted ones during the experiment were supplemented by others. Changes of Caspase-3 expression after spinal cord injury: In the sham-operated group, only a small amount of Caspase-3 proteins were observed in the rat spinal cord, mainly located in motor neurons of spinal cord anterior horn. In the estrogen-treated group and saline control group, positive cells expressed occasionally at 1 day postoperatively, began to increase obviously at 7 days after injury, strongly expressed at 14 and 28 days, but decreased at 60 days, mainly located in the neurons of spinal cord gray matter anterior horn, and they expressed fewer in the motor neurons and white matter of ventral horn, and there were obvious differences between the estrogen-treated group and saline control group at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen can reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells and promote the recovery of neurological function following gradual chronic spinal cord injury.     

更新护理观念 促进护理学科发展

随着新的医学模式的确立，护理学科的核心思想已从以疾病为中心的功能护理逐步发展为以病人为中心的整体护理阶段。其内涵：把病与病人，反生物学的病人与社会和心理学的人，把病人与其所处的环境，把病人从入院－出院－康复都作为一个整体，目前，我国护理工作主体仍处于以疾病为中心的护理思考指导下的功能制护理，局限了护理学科的发展，近年来，我国护理界引进了整体护理，并将其思想应用于临床护理工作中，进行了多方位探讨，旨     

美托洛尔对急性心肌梗死早期QT离散度的影响

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死早期应用美托洛尔对QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法 :选择符合条件的 14 2例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者 ,男 95例 ,女 47例 ,平均年龄 5 7± 12 3岁 ,随机分为治疗组 78例 ,对照组 64例 ,两组病例性别、年龄等基本情况相似。在AMI常规治疗的基础上 ,治疗组给予美托洛尔 6 2 5～ 5 0mg口服 ,2次 /d ;对照组仅常规治疗。治疗前及治疗 1周后同步记录体表常规 12导联心电图 ,每一导联连续测量 3个Q -T间期 ,取其均值。最大QT间期 (QTmax)与最小QT间期 (QTmin)之差为QTd。结果 :治疗组在常规治疗基础上早期给予美托洛尔后 ,QTd、QTcd显著缩小 (P <0 0 1) ,QTmax无明显改变 (P >0 0 5 ) ,QTmin显著延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ,心率显著减慢 (P <0 0 1)。而对照组QTd、QTcd、QTmax、QTmin、HR均无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :AMI早期应用 β1 受体阻滞剂美托洛尔治疗 ,可显著延长正常心肌的复极过程 ,从而防治早期恶性心律失常 ,降低猝死率。     

独生子女精神分裂症患者父母心理状况调查

目的探讨独生子女首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理健康状况。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表评定80例首发精神分裂症的独生子女患者父母．所得资料与中国常模比较。结果精神分裂症患者父母的阳性项目数高于全国常模（P〈0．01），各个因子分与常模比较．均明显高于常模（P〈0．05），尤以躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、敌对因子显著。结论精神分裂症患者严重影响了父母的工作、生活，造成父母心理障碍，医护人员在对患者进行治疗时，还应注重对患者父母认知、情绪和行为的改善，提高其社会适应能力，改善对待患者的态度。     

Exploring cancer register data to find risk factors for recurrence of breast cancer – application of Canonical Correlation Analysis

Background  

A common approach in exploring register data is to find relationships between outcomes and predictors by using multiple regression analysis (MRA). If there is more than one outcome variable, the analysis must then be repeated, and the results combined in some arbitrary fashion. In contrast, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) has the ability to analyze multiple outcomes at the same time.     

心理干预对产妇产后抑郁及儿童心理发育影响的初步探讨

目的:探讨防治产后抑郁、促进儿童心理发育的方法和效果.方法:在围产期门诊按单、双号随机将首诊妊娠妇女分为实验组和对照组,对实验组216名孕妇进行系统心理保健,包括产前、产后集体心理卫生宣教、产后情绪监测、综合性心理治疗等心理干预措施,对对照组183名孕妇进行一般保健.分别采用Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)定期监测两组妇女的情绪问题,用丹佛智能发育筛查表(DDST)监测两组儿童的智能发育,用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL2～3岁家长用)评价儿童的行为发育.结果:实验组比对照组产妇产后不同时期的抑郁状态的发生率(x2=40.35～4.81,P均＜0.05～0.01)和抑郁症的患病率(3.7%/10.38%,x2=7,P＜0.01)均低,差异有显著性.两组儿童各年龄阶段DDST结果可疑和异常的发生率(x2=6.8～4.6,P＜0.05～0.01)差异显著.两组儿童2岁时行为问题发生率,经统计学检验均具有显著性差异(x2=16.3,P＜0.01),儿童行为部分因子分之间有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:提示在儿童心理保健门诊对妇女进行有计划有目的的心理健康教育、情绪评定和及时的综合心理治疗,有利于防治产后抑郁及促进儿童心理发育.     

腋神经和桡神经与肱骨的关系及其临床意义

目的　观测腋神经、桡神经与肱骨骨性标志的关系 ,为肱骨手术或外固定提供帮助。方法　在 30例 6 0侧成人上肢标本上观、测了腋神经、桡神经与肱骨有关骨性标志的距离。结果　肱骨最大长 (30 6 6 5± 17 4 8)mm ;肱骨最近端到腋神经(5 8 10± 5 6 1)mm ;肱骨最近端到桡神经穿外侧肌间隔处 (177 75± 11 86 )mm ;解剖颈最低点到腋神经 (16 2 4± 2 78)mm ;肱骨最近端到肱骨肌管入口处 (118 4 9± 6 6 1)mm ;并测量计算了各段占肱骨最大长的比例。结论　腋神经在肱骨近端 1/ 5处容易受损 ,而桡神经在肱骨下 3/ 5段为易损伤部。从术前和术中的影像 ,能测量和计算出神经的基本位置 ,可减少或避免神经损伤     

Genetic Conservation of Hemagglutinin Gene of H9 Influenza Virus in Chicken Population in Mainland China

The hemagglutinin (HA) genes of 12 H9N2 influenza virus strains isolated from chickens in Mainland China during the period 1995–2002 were genetically analyzed. All the isolates possessed the same amino acid motif -R-S-S-R/G-L- at the cleavage site of HA. Except for the conserved amino acids, as is the case in the other avian influenza viruses, located in the receptor binding site, all of the 12 isolates possessed N at amino acid position 183; A, T, or V at position 190; K at position 137, whereas the representative strains of the other lineage (except Dk/HK/Y280/97-like lineage) virus of H9N2 viruses had H, E, and R at these positions respectively. These could be considered as the partial molecular markers of the H9 viruses isolated from chickens in Mainland China. Phylogenetic analyses showed HA genes of these isolates belonged to that of A/duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97-like virus lineage. No A/quail/Hong Kong/Gl/97-like virus was found in chicken, population since the outbreak of H9N2 influenza in Mainland China in 1992. The available evidence indicates that HA genes of H9 influenza virus circulating in Mainland China during the past years were well conserved.     

芍药汤及其加减方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展

芍药汤由黄连、黄芩、大黄、白芍、当归、木香、槟榔、肉桂,甘草构成。因其具有清热利湿、调气活血功效,后世医家皆推此方为治疗湿热泄痢之主方。现代临床应用中,除芍药汤原方,其加减方亦用于溃疡性结肠炎治疗,并可与其他方剂（痛泄要方、白头翁汤、参苓白术散等）、西药（美沙拉嗪、柳氮磺吡啶、英夫利昔单抗等）、中医针刺或艾灸等特色疗法联用。临床疗效结果显示芍药汤及其加减方能明显降低梅奥内镜（Mayo）评分、结肠黏膜病变（Baron）评分、中医证候积分等疾病评分,改善患者肠道症状效果显著且不良反应少。实验药理学研究显示芍药汤可通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)等促炎因子表达,上调白细胞介素-10(IL-10)等抑炎因子来减轻炎症反应;可通过调节炎症信号通路,阻断连环反应,减少细胞凋亡;可通过调节免疫轴平衡、调节免疫蛋白修复异常免疫屏障;可调节肠道菌群平衡、促进肠上皮细胞再生、改善黏膜通透性,从而恢复肠道内环境平衡以达到治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效果;其药物单体黄芩苷、芍药苷、黄连素等可起到抗炎、抗菌、调节代谢等作用。该文就芍药汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎...     

芍药汤通过cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路调控溃疡性结肠炎水液代谢及肠上皮通透性的作用机制

目的：基于“大肠主津”理论探讨环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应成分结合蛋白(cAMP/PKA/CREB)信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎(UC)水液代谢及肠上皮通透性中的作用及芍药汤的干预机制。方法：将60只雄性SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组(0.42 g·kg^-1)、芍药汤低、中、高剂量组(11.1、22.2、44.4 g·kg^-1),每组10只。采用复合病因造模法建立UC湿热内蕴证大鼠模型,空白组和模型组分别给予生理盐水灌胃,美沙拉嗪组给予美沙拉嗪灌胃,芍药汤低、中、高剂量给予对应剂量的芍药汤灌胃,灌胃周期为14 d。观察各组大鼠腹泻评分及粪便含水率变化,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸含量,免疫组化法检测各组大鼠结肠组织中水通道蛋白(AQP)8、AQP4及肠黏膜通透性相关蛋白ZO-1、Occludin的蛋白表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠组织中cAMP、PKA、CREB蛋白表达。结果：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠腹泻评分及粪便含水率显著增高(P<0.01),血浆...