The Influence of Academic Support on Latino Adolescents’ Academic Motivation

Abstract: The current study examined the extent to which mothers, fathers, teachers, and teenage friends influenced Latino adolescents’ academic motivation. Using path analysis, separate models were tested for 154 Latino boys and 156 Latina girls. Findings indicated that mothers’ and teachers’ academic support were positively related to adolescent girls’ academic motivation, and fathers’ and teachers’ academic support were positively related to adolescent boys’ academic motivation. The salience of teachers’ support, possible reasons for gender differences, and implications for future research are discussed.     

Analysis of brain-stem auditory evoked potential and visual evoked potential in patients with Parkinson disease

INTRODUCTION The exact cause of Parkinson disease (PD) has not been known yet[1]. The overwhelming progress had been made in the treatment and pathogenesis of PD in recent 30 years, especially 10 years[2]. But it is still no way now to prevent or postpone…     

Penicillium piceum infection: diagnosis and successful treatment in chronic granulomatous disease.

Infections due to Penicillium species other than P.marneffei are rare. We identified a boy with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) with a pulmonary nodule and adjacent rib osteomyelitis caused by Penicillium piceum. The only sign of infection was an elevated sedimentation rate. P. piceum was isolated by fine needle aspirate and from excised infected tissues. Surgical removal and one year of voriconazole treatment were very well tolerated and led to complete recovery. Microbiological, microscopic and molecular studies support the fungal diagnosis. P. piceum should be considered as a relevant pathogen in immunocompromised patients.     

High-resolution optical coherence tomography as a non-destructive monitoring tool for the engineering of skin equivalents

BACKGROUND: Three dimensional skin equivalents are widely used in dermatopharmacological and toxicological studies and as autologous transplants in wound healing. In pharmacology, there is tremendous need for monitoring the response of engineered skin equivalents to external treatment. Transplantation of skin equivalents for wound healing requires careful verification of their quality prior to transplantation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact, non-destructive imaging technique for living tissues offering the potential to fulfill these needs. This work presents an analysis of OCT for high-resolution monitoring of skin equivalents at different stages during the culture process. METHODS: We developed a high-resolution OCT imaging setup based on a commercially available OCT system. A broadband femtosecond laser light source replaces the original superluminescence diode. Tomograms of living skin equivalents were recorded with an axial resolution of 3 mum and correlated with histology and immunofluorescence images. Comparison with standard low-resolution OCT is presented to emphasize the advantages of high-resolution OCT for this application. RESULTS: OCT is particularly able to distinguish between different layers of skin equivalents including stratum corneum, epidermal and dermal layer as well as the basement membrane zone. The high-resolution OCT scans correlate closely with two key benchmarks, histology and immunofluorescence imaging. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates the benefits of high-resolution OCT for identifying living tissue structure and morphology. Compared with the current gold standard histology, OCT offers non-destructive tissue imaging, enabling high-resolution evaluation of living tissue morphology and structure as it evolves.     

Prognostic factors for surgical resection in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Although surgical lung resection could improve prognosis in some patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there are no reports on the optimal candidates for this surgery. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the prognostic factors for surgery in patients with MDR-TB. Patients who underwent lung resection for the treatment of MDR-TB between March 1993 and December 2004 were included in the present study. Treatment failure was defined as greater than or equal to two of the five cultures recorded in the final 12 months of treatment being positive, any one of the final three cultures being positive, or the patient having died during treatment. The variables that affected treatment outcomes were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 79 patients with MDR-TB were included in the present study. The treatment outcomes of 22 (27.8%) patients were classified as failure. A body mass index <18.5 kg x m(-2), primary resistance, resistance to ofloxacin and the presence of a cavitary lesion beyond the range of the surgical resection were associated with treatment failure. Low body mass index, primary resistance, resistance to ofloxacin and cavitary lesions beyond the range of resection are possible poor prognostic factors for surgical lung resection in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients.     

空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折术后并发症的分析

目的探讨影响空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折术后早期并发症及中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的因素。方法对1994年1月～2004年1月间应用空心螺钉治疗的116例股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性总结,将患者性别、年龄、骨折类型、骨折复位情况、外伤至手术时间与骨折术后早期并发症及中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死间的关系进行统计学分析。结果116例患者获平均(3．2±2．5)年(1～11年)随访。术后早期并发症包括：骨折内固定失败6例,骨折周围再骨折2例,感染2例,下肢深静脉血栓6例。年龄是引起骨折术后早期并发症的主要因素之一；骨折术后早期并发症还与骨质情况及内固定技术有关。本组16例出现股骨头缺血性坏死,其坏死率为13．8%。造成股骨头缺血性坏死的因素主要是骨折类型,其次为骨折复位情况。结论①年龄大于60岁的患者股骨颈骨折术后早期并发症相对多。②对于骨折移位严重的高龄患者,建议行人工关节置换术。③内固定术应尽可能解剖复位、坚强牢靠,以减少术后股骨头缺血性坏死的发生。     

HPLC测定脂溶性前列安栓中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立一种简便的测定脂溶性前列安栓中盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定盐酸小檗碱的含量。色谱条件为Krom asil C18柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(50∶50)(每100m l中加入十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g),检测波长350 nm。供试品预处理采用超声溶解法。结果盐酸小檗碱在20~200μg.m l-1范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.9%,RSD为0.5%。结论本方法可用于脂溶性前列安栓中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定,方法简便、快速、灵敏。     

城市血吸虫病综合防治措施的研究

目的探索快速控制城市血吸虫病流行的综合措施。方法在城市血吸虫病流行区选择3个试点现场,南津港、太平桥2个点采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,小柳叶洲点采取以环境改造灭螺为主的综合防治措施。结果南津港点3年居民血吸虫感染率分别为2.80%、2.60%和2.24%,并发生急性血吸虫病2例;感染螺平均密度分别为0.0009、0.0027、0.0020只/0.1m2。小柳叶洲点3年无居民粪检阳性者,无急性血吸虫病例,哨鼠感染率为0,没有查到感染性钉螺。太平桥点3年居民感染率分别为1.18%、0.20%和0.26%,无急性血吸虫病例,家畜感染率分别为6.35%、3.57%和3.85%,2004年发现感染性钉螺,平均密度为0.0001只/0.1m2。结论在城市血吸虫病流行区,采取以环境改造灭螺为主、人群化疗、健康教育、药物灭螺灭蚴的综合防治措施能快速控制疫情。采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,难以有效控制疫情。     

Fetal growth patterns in fetuses of women with pregestational diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of glucose control on the rate of growth of fetuses in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (Types 1 and 2). METHODS: All pregestational diabetic women booked at Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2002, were included. Pregnancies with congenital fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, and pregnancies terminated prior to 20 weeks' gestation were excluded. Dating scans were performed before 14 weeks' gestation and serial scans were performed at 18, 24, 28, 32 and 36 weeks. Fetal parameters, including biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference, were recorded. The daily growth rates for biparietal diameter, femur length, and fetal abdominal area were calculated and compared with those in a low-risk (non-diabetic) population. The growth rates in fetuses of women with satisfactory diabetic control (HbA1c < 6.5%) and unsatisfactory control (HbA1c > or = 6.5%) in the three trimesters were compared. RESULTS: A total of 174 diabetic pregnancies were included and a total of 997 ultrasound scans were performed. The growth rates for fetuses of mothers with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than for those in the low-risk population. The z-scores for biparietal diameter, femur length, and fetal abdominal area were 0.18, 0.59 and 1.44, respectively. Fetuses of diabetic mothers with high HbA1c in the first trimester had significantly greater fetal abdominal area growth rate than those with normal HbA1c (fetal abdominal area z-score of 1.7 vs. 0.75, P = 0.009). Although the fetal abdominal area z-scores in fetuses of diabetic mothers with high HbA1c in the second or third trimesters were also higher than those with normal HbA1c levels, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Maternal obesity did not influence the fetal growth rate. CONCLUSION: The rate of growth of fetuses of diabetic mothers differs from that of the normal population. Growth acceleration persists until the late third trimester. Moreover, periconceptional glucose control appears to have a significant effect on accelerated growth of the fetal abdominal area.