鼻咽癌增强CT扫描的影像表现及价值(附102例报告)

目的　探讨鼻咽癌 (NPC)增强CT表现和价值。方法　对 10 2例NPC放化疗前病人行平扫加增强扫描 ,观察癌灶密度变化、鼻咽表面线样强化层和癌灶周界情况。结果　平扫癌灶密度与同层面鼻咽肌相近的有 89例 (87% ) ,其余与翼外肌相近(13 % )。平扫难以明确癌灶的大小和范围 ,所能显示的仅是有无占位。增强扫描癌灶密度差异明显的占 44% ,单靠密度差异能使其周界全部或大部清楚的仅占 40 %。根据癌灶强化和线样强化层的表现 ,综合判断癌灶周界全部或大部清楚的达到 76%。结论　增强扫描对准确判断NPC癌灶的大小、范围以及对发现小的癌灶和鉴别诊断有重要作用。在主要针对鼻咽部本身的检查 ,增强也应列为常规扫描     

精神分裂症服用氯氮平能降低其甲状腺素水平的对照分析

目的探索氯氮平治疗是否影响T3、T4和TSH水平.方法对17例精神分裂症患者,给予氯氮平治疗第4天和第4周末分别测定T3、T4和TSH水平.结果治疗第4周末的T3(3.309±0.689)、T4(9.449±1.941)水平比第4天的T3(3.915±0.850)、T4(11.178±2.180)水平明显降低(P均＜0.05).结论氯氮平治疗能降低甲状腺素水平.     

慢性心力衰竭病人的临床分析

慢性心力衰竭（CHF）目前是老年人住院和死亡的主要原因，近几年研究结果显示CHF病人出现的肾功能障碍即心肾综合征发病率高，预后差，狭义的心肾综合征特指CHF引起的进行性肾功能损害，并导致肾功能不全，我们回顾性分析我院收治的100例CHF住院病人，着重探讨CHF程度与肾功能不全的发生率及其与住院的时间的关系。现将其临床分析介绍如下。     

668颗后牙镍铬合金PFM边缘适合性的临床观察

目的：观察采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠边缘适合性和对牙龈健康的影响.方法：对668颗后牙,分别采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠（单冠或桥的基牙）在修复2年后进行复查,检测其边缘适合性及牙龈指数（GI）和牙周探诊深度（PD）,用统计学方法分析修复体边缘形式与牙龈病变间的关系.结果：采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM边缘适合性明显优于凹面肩台型边缘PFM,凹面肩台型边缘的PFM的牙龈病变发生率,明显高于羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM,而边缘适合性差者较适合性好者牙龈病变发生率显著增高.结论：后牙PFM的边缘采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边是一种好的选择.     

乏氧诱导因子-1α在非小细胞肺癌中的表达研究

Objective: To explore the expression level and its clinical significance of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in non-small lung cancer. Methods: The expression of HIF-1α was detected in 68 human non-small lung cancer samples by immunohistochemistry. Results: (1) Thirty-nine (57.35%) out of the 68 human non-small lung cancer samples was positive for HIF-1α; (2) The positive rate of HIF-1α in adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma was 54.76% (23/42) and 61.54% (16/26) respectively. No significant difference was found between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma of non-small lung cancer in the expression of HIF-1α (P>0.05). The positive rate of HIF-1α in middle-high differentiation was 74.28% (26/35), significantly higher than in low differentiation (39.39%, 13/33) (P<0.05); (3) The positive expression of HIF-1α was not correlated to the sexes, ages, tumor stage and lymph node status. Conclusion: The expression of HIF-1α is higher in non-small lung cancer and is correlated to differentiation.     

Point mutation in the parkin gene on patients with Parkinson’s disease

Summary To investigate the distribution of possible novel mutations from parkin gene in variant subset of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in China and explore whether parkin gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, 70 patients were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group; 70 healthy subjects were included as controls. Genomic DNA from 70 normal controls and from those of PD patients were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by using standard procedures. Mutations of parkin gene (exon 1–12) in all the subjects were screened by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and further sequencing was performed in the samples with abnormal SSCP results, in order to confirm the mutation and its location. A new missense mutation Gly284Arg in a patient and 3 abnormal bands in SSCP electrophoresis from samples of another 3 patients were found. All the DNA variants were sourced from the samples of the patients with early-onset PD. It was concluded that Parkin point mutation also partially contributes to the development of early-onset Parkinson’s disease in Chinese. WANG Tao, male, born in 1961, Associate Professor This work was supported by grants from the key program of the special scientific project of Scientific & Technologic Agency of Hubei Province (Serial No. 2001AA308B01) and the Hygienic Research Project of Hygienic Agency of Hubei province (Serial No. WJ 01529).     

Production and characterization of genetically engineered antibody molecules

Expression of antibody heavy- and light-chain genes by transfection permits the production of monoclonal antibodies with improved biological and antigen-binding properties. The immunoglobulin genes are placed in vectors containing a gene for encoding a protein that provides a biochemically selectable function in eukaryotic cells; these vectors are transfected into myeloma and hybridoma cells. Selection of drug-resistant cells permits the efficient isolation of the rare cells that express the transfected DNA. By placing heavy and light chains on plasmids with different selectable markers, one can deliver heavy- and light-chain genes simultaneously to the same cell. The transfected immunoglobulin genes are efficiently expressed and the proteins produced are a faithful mirror of the genes that were introduced. Using the standard techniques of genetic engineering and gene transfection, we can now produce antibodies of widely varying structures, including chimeric antibodies with segments derived from different species. These antibodies provide useful reagents to study structure-function relationships within the antibody molecule. Ultimately it will be possible to produce a new generation of antibody molecules with improved antigen-binding properties and effector functions.     

长春地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原趋势

目的:探讨北方地区小儿急性呼吸道感染(ARIs)病原构成特点,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,对574例ARIs患儿进行了肺炎支原体(Mp)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、肺炎支原体(CP)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(Adv)、流感病毒A型(Inf-A)、副流感病毒(PIV)等7种病原同步进行急性期血清特异性抗体IgM检测,同时设立健康对照组。结果:574例患儿共334例检出特异性IgM抗体,阳性率58.2%。按检出频率的高低依次为Mp28.9%(166/574),RSV13.6%(78/574),CP5.9%(34/574),CT4.4%(25/574),Adv3.3%(19/574),Inf-A1.2%(7/574),PIV0.9%(5/574),分别占阳性例数的49.7%(166/334)、23.3%(78/334)、10.2%(34/334)、7.5%(25/334)、5.7%(19/334)、2.1%(7/334)和1.5%(5/334);病原分布具有年龄差别。健康对照组仅检出1例MP-IgM阳性(1.7%)。结论:Mp、RSV及CT为小儿ARI的常见病原。Mp感染率逐渐增高,发病年龄有逐渐变小的趋势。     

糖尿病患者伴发性功能障碍的心理状态

糖尿病患者常伴有性功能障碍,医护人员应重视糖尿病患者性功能障碍,帮助患者克服自卑情绪。     

Changes in total sodium intake do not lead to proportionate changes in total sodium removal in CAPD patients.

BACKGROUND: Dietary salt and fluid restriction is important in controlling fluid balance in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). However, it is often difficult to monitor patients' dietary total sodium intake (TSI). Usually, total sodium removal (TSR), the sum of urinary sodium removal (USR) and dialysate sodium removal (DSR), is suggested to represent TSI. In the present study, we investigated the reliability of using TSR as a surrogate to TSI in CAPD patients. METHODS: 40 clinically stable CAPD patients were closely followed for 3 months. Their TSI, USR, DSR, and fluid status were measured twice: at baseline and at the end of this study respectively. Fluid status was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis. Patients with increased sodium intake (group ISI) or decreased sodium intake (group DSI) (both >0.5 g/day or >21.74 mmol/day elemental sodium) were included in this study. RESULTS: There were 15 patients in group ISI and 9 patients in group DSI. During the follow-up, although TSI increased in group ISI and decreased in group DSI (p < 0.05), there were no significant changes in USR, DSR, or TSR in either group. No relationship was found between TSI and TSR. Changes in weight, blood pressure, urine volume, ultra-filtration, and small solute removal (Kt/V and creatinine clearance) were not statistically significant between the two groups. Fluid status deteriorated in group ISI and improved in group DSI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that changes in total sodium intake do not lead to proportionate changes in total sodium removal in CAPD patients. Therefore, TSR (the sum of USR and DSR) should be used cautiously to monitor TSI in this patient population.