Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on fairness-related decision-making

Neuroimaging studies suggest that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) is an important brain area involved in fairness-related decision-making. In the present study, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rDLPFC to investigate the effects of changed cortical excitability on fairness norm enforcement in social decision-making. Participants received anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation before performing a modified ultimatum game task, in which participants were asked to accept or reject the proposer’s offer and self-rate the intensity of their anger at offers on a 7-point scale. The results showed that the rejection rate of unfair offers and anger level were higher in the anodal compared to the sham and cathodal groups and that the level of anger at unfair offers can predict the rejection rate. Furthermore, the fairness effect of RTs was more prominent in the anodal group than in the sham and cathodal groups. Our findings validate the causal role of the rDLPFC in fairness-related decision-making through tDCS, suggesting that strengthening the rDLPFC increases individuals’ reciprocal fairness in social decision-making, both in subjective rating and behaviors.     

白颊黑叶猴资源及生态调查

作者通过对四川白颊黑叶猴的生态环境、生活习性、种群数量以及分布慨况的号察,初步证实:白颊黑叶猴纯属地栖性而不是树栖性动物;食用的植物种类达260多种;四川仅在金佛山有分布,但种群数量日趋减少,现存约80只。     

阿尔茨海默病社区中医适宜干预技术及其应用策略

目的：总结适宜于社区阿尔茨海默病（AD）的中医干预技术,并探讨其在社区应用的策略。方法：通过对中国知网（CNKI）、中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据库（WANFANG dATA）、PubMed检索AD社区中医干预相关文献报道（检索时间均从建库至2013年1月）,对AD社区中医干预的现有及可能的手段进行回顾性分析,在此基础上探讨AD社区中医适宜干预技术及应用策略。结果：相关研究证据表明中药内服疗法、针灸推拿疗法、药膳食疗、气功、太极拳等运动疗法、情志疗法、五音疗法等中医适宜干预技术可以应用于社区轻度认知损害（MCI）及轻、中度AD的防治,建立健全的社区医疗机构-患者-社区老年人监护人员的AD社区中医干预模式是值得探索的。结论：社区医务人员指导、AD患者自我管理和监护人员协助的AD社区中医综合干预管理策略尚需在具体社区实践中不断完善和规范。     

刺络联合舒利迭吸入疗法防治小儿哮喘的疗效观察

目的:探讨刺络联合舒利迭吸入疗法治疗小儿哮喘的临床疗效,并观察其用药前后的代谢组学变化。方法:选取2013年10月至2015年9月上海市宝山区中西医结合医院收治的哮喘患儿50例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组25例。对照组采用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上针刺四缝和少商穴位以及耳尖放血,间隔1 d进行1次,周期90 d。采集患儿用药前0 d,用药30 d,用药60 d,用药90 d的尿液,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)检测尿液内源性代谢物,观察治疗前后2组患儿临床症状评分、免疫指标以及代谢谱的变化情况。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,2组患儿各项中医症候均明显减轻,观察组改善程度比对照组更为显著,差异有统计学意义,2组免疫学指标与治疗前比较均显著降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较(90 d),观察组(90 d)各指标降低程度更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用有监督的分析-OPLS分析了治疗前对照组和观察组(0 d),治疗后(90 d)对照组和观察组的尿液代谢谱,结果显示4组代谢谱分离良好,鉴定了21个相关代谢标志物。结论:刺络联合舒利迭吸入疗法治疗小儿哮喘的临床效果确切,可改善患儿症状,降低免疫指标,其作用机制可能与丙氨酸,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢和组氨酸代谢等代谢异常有关。     

Chinese herbal medicine-derived compounds for cancer therapy: A focus on hepatocellular carcinoma

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype of primary liver cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC, the option for effective systemic treatment is quite limited. There exists a critical need to explore and evaluate possible alternative strategies for effective control of HCC. With a long history of clinical use, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is emerging as a noticeable choice for its multi-level, multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. With the aids of phytochemistry and molecular biological approaches, in the past decades many CHM-derived compounds have been carefully studied through both preclinical and clinical researches and have shown great potential in novel anti-HCC natural product development. The present review aimed at providing the most recent developments on anti-HCC compounds derived from CHM, especially their underlying pharmacological mechanisms.

Materials and methods

A systematic search of anti-HCC compounds from CHM was carried out focusing on literatures published both in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline) and in Chinese academic databases (Wanfang and CNKI database).

Results

In this review, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the anti-HCC effects and targets of several representative CHM-derived compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, berberine, quercetin, tanshinone II-A and celastrol. Their mechanisms of anti-HCC behaviors, potential side effects or toxicity and future research directions were discussed.

Conclusion

Herbal compounds derived from CHM are of much significance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against HCC. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-HCC therapy and modernization of CHM.     

中药外敷法对轻中度膝关节骨性关节炎WOMAC评分和VAS评分的影响

目的:采用WOMAC评分和VAS评分,评估中药外敷疗法治疗轻中度膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及安全性。方法:选取72例轻中度膝关节骨性关节炎的患者,采用随机数字表分为中药外敷组(n=36)与口服西药组(n=36)。中药外敷组,选取阿是穴,每次外敷48 h,隔1 d或2 d再次换药,治疗2次/周;口服西药组给予硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊,2粒/次,3次/d。2组患者均治疗4周。治疗前、治疗后2周、治疗后1个月采用WOMAIC评分表及VAS疼痛量表评价疗效。治疗后3个月测量VAS疼痛量表以评价远期疗效。结果:中药外敷组脱落2例,予以剔除。口服药物组无脱落。2组患者治疗前、治疗后2周、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月VAS评分进行比较,P0.05,差异均有统计学意义。2组患者治疗前、治疗后2周、治疗后1个月WOMAC评分进行比较,P0.05,差异均有统计学意义。治疗两周后,中药外敷组VAS评分与口服西药组进行比较,P0.05,差异有统计学意义;中药外敷组WOMAC评分与口服西药组进行比较,P0.05,差异无统计学意义。治疗1个月后,中药外敷组VAS评分、WOMAC评分与口服西药组进行比较,P0.05,差异无统计学意义。治疗期间,中药外敷组出现了1例轻度过敏患者,不良反应率占3%;口服西药组出现了3例胃肠道反应患者,不良反应率占8%。结论:中药外敷疗法短期止痛效果好,是一种安全性高,有一定远期疗效的治疗方法。     

参苓白术散对大黄引起的脾虚泄泻作用机制的研究

目的探讨参苓白术散对脾虚泄泻小鼠的止泻作用和免疫功能的影响，并揭示脾虚免疫功能下降与泄泻之间的机制。方法采用大黄泄下法制造脾虚泄泻小鼠模型，给予参苓白术散进行治疗，观察小肠碳末推进率、胸腺及脾质量、胸腺／脾质量指数、RBC—C3b—RR、RBC—IC—R、巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、血清淀粉酶和D-木糖的变化，并进行病理学观察。结果参苓白术散有明显的止泻作用，可以提高RBC—C3b—RR及降低RBC—IC—R，可以提高脾虚泄泻小鼠的胸腺／脾质量指数，能抑制小鼠的碳末推进率，提高血清淀粉酶和D-木糖的含量。结论参苓白术散有修复胃肠黏膜，维持胃肠道黏膜屏障的作用。     

自拟壮骨方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效及作用机制研究

目的：探讨自拟壮骨方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效及作用机制。方法：将纳入研究的240例绝经后骨质疏松症患者随机分为2组,每组120例。治疗组采用口服自拟壮骨方治疗,对照组采用口服尼尔雌醇片治疗。比较2组患者的骨密度及血清中钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、雌二醇的水平,同时比较2组患者治疗后的疼痛改善情况。结果：①骨密度。治疗前2组患者腰椎和股骨颈骨密度比较,组间差异均无统计学意义[（0．73±0．26）g·cm-2,（0．71±0．29）g·cm-2,t＝3．296,P＝0．110;（0．84±0．03）g· cm-2,（0．85±0．02）g·cm-2,t＝3．114,P＝0．201]。治疗组治疗前后腰椎骨密度的差值大于对照组[（0．20±0．15）g·cm-2,（0．18±0．12）g·cm-2,t＝4．012,P＝0．021];2组患者股骨颈骨密度的差值比较,差异无统计学意义[（0．60±0．24）g·cm-2,（0．16±0．14）g·cm-2,t＝1．062,P＝0．080]。②血生化指标。治疗前2组患者血清中钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、雌二醇浓度比较,组间差异均无统计学意义[（2．24±0．16）mmol·L-1,（2．22±0．14）mmol·L-1,t ＝5．659,P＝0．431;（1．19±0．21）mmol·L-1,（1．18±0．22）mmol·L-1,t ＝3．314,P＝0．158;（109．50±13．41）U·L-1,（108．71±20．42）U·L-1,t ＝1．354,P＝0．762;（40．86±18．26）pmol·L-1,（41．14±19．04）pmol·L-1,t＝1．918,P＝0．656]。治疗组血清中钙和磷浓度治疗前后的差值均大于对照组[（1．61±0．46）mmol·L-1,（0．31±0．25）mmol·L-1,t ＝5．618,P＝0．000;（0．60±0．24）mmol·L-1,（0．30±0．14） mmol·L-1,t＝7．012,P＝0．000];碱性磷酸酶和雌二醇浓度治疗前后的差值与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义[（20．21±12．16）U·L-1,（16．11±10．12）U·L-1,t＝1．368,P＝0．612;（19．26±10．23）pmol·L-1,（16．76±9．67）pmol·     

不同树龄三种厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的研究

在依据树皮年轮鉴定厚朴年龄的基础上,应用高效薄层扫描法,对不同生长年限的厚朴、凹叶厚朴、大叶木兰中所含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的动态分布进行了含量测定,为道地药材的质量评价及合理采收提供了参考。     

三七叶中微量活性皂苷的分离与鉴定

对三七叶中微量活性皂苷进行分离与鉴定.三七叶总苷经硅胶柱层析及薄层层析分离纯化,获得4个微量皂苷成分.经理化性质、光谱分析与标准品对照确定其化学结构分别为人参皂苷C-K(Ⅰ)、人参皂苷-Rh1(Ⅱ)、人参皂苷-MC(Ⅲ)和三七皂苷-Fe(Ⅳ).化合物Ⅰ为首次从三七叶中分得.