Perception of the Food and Drug Administration Electronic Cigarette Flavor Enforcement Policy on Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundOn January 2, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) flavor enforcement policy to prohibit the sale of all flavored cartridge–based e-cigarettes, except for menthol and tobacco flavors.ObjectiveThis research aimed to examine the public perception of this FDA flavor enforcement policy and its impact on the public perception of e-cigarettes on Twitter.MethodsA total of 2,341,660 e-cigarette–related tweets and 190,490 FDA flavor enforcement policy–related tweets in the United States were collected from Twitter before (between June 13 and August 22, 2019) and after (between January 2 and March 30, 2020) the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy. Sentiment analysis was conducted to detect the changes in the public perceptions of the policy and e-cigarettes on Twitter. Topic modeling was used for finding frequently discussed topics about e-cigarettes.ResultsThe proportion of negative sentiment tweets about e-cigarettes significantly increased after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy compared with before the announcement of the policy. In contrast, the overall sentiment toward the FDA flavor enforcement policy became less negative. The FDA flavor enforcement policy was the most popular topic associated with e-cigarettes after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy. Twitter users who discussed about e-cigarettes started to talk about other alternative ways of getting e-cigarettes after the FDA flavor enforcement policy.ConclusionsTwitter users’ perceptions of e-cigarettes became more negative after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy.     

糖尿病患者益处发现的研究进展

从益处发现的概念、测量工具、影响因素以及提高糖尿病患者益处发现的策略等方面进行综述,旨在为临床护理工作中提高糖尿病患者益处发现水平提供参考。     

自噬在延期牙再植术后炎症性牙根吸收中的作用研究

目的:观察大鼠延期牙再植术后自噬水平变化,探讨自噬在延期牙再植术后炎症性牙根吸收中的作用.方法:选取24只4周龄SD大鼠,拔除双侧上颌第一磨牙,干燥30 min后植回牙槽窝,术后1、3、7、28 d取材,染色观察炎症浸润情况、牙根表面吸收情况、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF?α)、白细胞介素1β(IL?1β)等炎症因子表达及L...     

《类证治裁》脾胃病案之治疗特色评析

《类证治裁》是清代医家林佩琴搜集编著的一部比较广博的临床著作,其论述深入浅出,观点中正平和,选方实用合理,所以在解放前会被有些医学院校作为教材来使用。然而这并不说明其没有任何学术偏向,恰恰相反其对痰饮学说以及叶天士的胃阴学说、久病入络学说极为推崇,这个在其《类证治裁》的编著中单独列出痰饮论治、脾胃论治一篇可见一斑。然而限于篇幅,林佩琴本人的观点多数都是反映在他的病案用药中的,本文试通过分析林氏本人的脾胃病医案来窥探林氏的治疗经验及学术观点。由于古今分类的不同,本文只讨论林氏有医案的脾胃3脉案、胃脘痛5脉案…     

真假性左束支阻滞心电图的鉴别

左束支阻滞(left bundle branch block,LBBB)是不良心脏事件的独立预测因素,与不良预后密切相关.然而,心电图呈LBBB样并不意味着左束支传导功能完全阻断(真性LBBB),尚存在左束支传导延缓、室内阻滞等假性LBBB样图形(假性LBBB).由于真假性LBBB的病理生理学、治疗方式及预后明显不同,...     

Autonomous Robotic Feature-Based Freeform Fabrication Approach

Robotic additive manufacturing (AM) has gained much attention for its continuous material deposition capability with continuously changeable building orientations, reducing support structure volume and post-processing complexity. However, the current robotic additive process heavily relies on manual geometric reasoning that identifies additive features, related building orientations, tool approach direction, trajectory generation, and sequencing all features in a non-collision manner. In addition, multi-directional material accumulation cannot ensure the nozzle always stays above the building geometry. Thus, the collision between these two becomes a significant issue that needs to be solved. Hence, the common use of a robotic additive is hindered by the lack of fully autonomous tools based on the abovementioned issues. We present a systematic approach to the robotic AM process that can automate the abovementioned planning procedures in the aspect of collision-free. Typically, input models to robotic AM have diverse information contents and data formats, hindering the feature recognition, extraction, and relations to the robotic motion. Our proposed method integrates the collision-avoidance condition to the model decomposition step. Therefore, the decomposed volumes can be associated with additional constraints, such as accessibility, connectivity, and trajectory planning. This generates an entire workspace for the robotic additive building platform, rotatability, and additive features to determine the entire sequence and avoid potential collisions. This approach classifies the uniqueness of autonomous manufacturing on the robotic AM system to build large and complex metal components that are non-achievable through traditional one-directional AM in a computationally effective manner. This approach also paves the path in constructing an in situ monitoring and closed-loop control on robotic AM to control and enhance the build quality of the robotic metal AM process.     

经验交流癫痫患者手机APP管理模式初探

为了促进河北省癫痫的诊疗管理水平,提高癫痫病患者生活质量.河北省抗癫痫协会通过手机APP,就疾病诊断、药物添加治疗及其疗效进行了多中心的临床数据分析研究.通过"核桃仁"健康管理平台对收集的临床数据进行总结分析,河北省的癫痫综合征的诊断率在半年内已从21％提升至39％,服药1个月内无发作率达80.4％,可看出医师对于癫痫...     

Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 39 promotes human glioma cells migration and invasion by facilitating ADAM9 mRNA maturation

Glioma cells are characterized by high migration and invasion ability; however, the molecular mechanism behind both processes still remains to be investigated. Several studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin‐specific protease 39 (USP39) plays an oncogenic role in various cancer types. Here, we investigated the expression and function of USP39 in patients with glioma. Oncomine database analysis revealed that high USP39 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients with glioma. Knockdown of USP39 in U251 and U87 cell lines significantly inhibited their migration and invasion in vitro. Gene expression profiling of glioma cells transduced with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against USP39 revealed that disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 9 (ADAM9), a molecule previously related to tumor cell migration and invasion, was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, USP39 induced ADAM9 messenger RNA (mRNA) maturation and decreased the expression of integrin β1. Additionally, overexpression of ADAM9 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells caused by USP39 depletion in vitro. USP39 promoted the invasion of glioma cells in vivo and reduced the overall survival of the mice. Altogether, our data show that USP39 induces mRNA maturation and elevates the expression of ADAM9 in glioma cells and may thus be considered potential target for treating patients with glioma.     

基于"络病学说"分析虫类药在肿瘤患者治疗中的应用

“络病学说”作为重要的中医基础病机之一,近年来被广泛应用于肿瘤类疾病的临床诊疗中,其对于肿瘤的发生发展以及转移等机制研究与治疗均有理论指导意义。“络病”在形态与功能上与现代医学中的肿瘤微血管、微循环概念相似;瘀阻络脉与肿瘤患者血液高凝状态类似,故运用“通络法”抗肿瘤具有充足的理论依据。虫类药是动物药的别称,作为通络药的代表,善于搜刮剔络,在肿瘤的防治中起到了活血化瘀通络、攻毒散结通络、搜风解毒通络以及补益培本通络等作用。通过梳理“络病学说”的起源、发展与成熟阶段的主要思想内涵,整理并总结现代肿瘤治疗中“络病学说”的相关研究与应用,并分析虫类药在通络法中的具体应用,以期为开展中医络病防治肿瘤的临床应用提供理论依据。     

Public Reactions to the New York State Policy on Flavored Electronic Cigarettes on Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundFlavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular in recent years, especially among youth and young adults. To address the epidemic of e-cigarettes, New York State approved a ban on sales of most flavored vaping products other than tobacco and menthol flavors on September 17, 2019.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the attitude of Twitter users to the policy on flavored e-cigarettes in New York State and the impact of this policy on public perceptions of e-cigarettes. This study also compares the attitudes and topics between New York Twitter users and Twitter users from other states who were not directly affected by this policy.MethodsTweets related to e-cigarettes and the New York State policy on flavored e-cigarettes were collected using the Twitter streaming application programming interface from June 2019 to December 2019. Tweets from New York State and those from other states that did not have a flavored e-cigarette policy were extracted. Sentiment analysis was applied to analyze the proportion of negative and positive tweets about e-cigarettes or the flavor policy. Topic modeling was applied to e-cigarette–related data sets and New York flavor policy–related data sets to identify the most frequent topics before and after the announcement of the New York State policy.ResultsWe found that the average number of tweets related to e-cigarettes and the New York State policy on flavored e-cigarettes increased in both New York State and other states after the flavor policy announcement. Sentiment analysis revealed that after the announcement of the New York State flavor policy, in both New York State and other states, the proportion of negative tweets on e-cigarettes increased from 34.07% (4531/13,299) to 44.58% (18,451/41,390) and from 32.48% (14,320/44,090) to 44.40% (64,262/144,734), respectively, while positive tweets decreased significantly from 39.03% (5191/13,299) to 32.86% (13,601/41,390) and from 42.78% (18,863/44,090) to 33.93% (49,105/144,734), respectively. The majority of tweets related to the New York State flavor policy were negative both before and after the announcement of this policy in both New York (87/98, 89% and 3810/4565, 83.46%, respectively) and other states (200/255, 78.4% and 12,695/15,569, 81.54%, respectively), while New York State had a higher proportion of negative tweets than other states. Topic modeling results demonstrated that teenage vaping and health problems were the most discussed topics associated with e-cigarettes.ConclusionsPublic attitudes toward e-cigarettes became more negative on Twitter after New York State announced the policy on flavored e-cigarettes. Twitter users in other states that did not have such a policy on flavored e-cigarettes paid close attention to the New York State flavor policy. This study provides some valuable information about the potential impact of the flavored e-cigarettes policy in New York State on public attitudes toward flavored e-cigarettes.