Asian consensus report on functional dyspepsia

Background and Aim: Environmental factors such as food, lifestyle and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection are widely different in Asian countries compared with the West, and physiological functions and genetic factors of Asians may also be different from those of Westerners. Establishing an Asian consensus for functional dyspepsia is crucial in order to attract attention to such data from Asian countries, to articulate the experience and views of Asian experts, and to provide a relevant guide on management of functional dyspepsia for primary care physicians working in Asia. Methods: Consensus team members were selected from Asian experts and consensus development was carried out by using a modified Delphi method. Consensus teams collected published papers on functional dyspepsia especially from Asia and developed candidate consensus statements based on the generated clinical questions. At the first face‐to‐face meeting, each statement was reviewed and e‐mail voting was done twice. At the second face‐to‐face meeting, final voting on each statement was done using a keypad voting system. A grade of evidence and strength of recommendation were applied to each statement according to the method of the GRADE Working Group. Results: Twenty‐nine consensus statements were finalized, including seven for definition and diagnosis, five for epidemiology, nine for pathophysiology, and eight for management. Algorithms for diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia were added. Conclusions: This consensus developed by Asian experts shows distinctive features of functional dyspepsia in Asia and will provide a guide to the diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia for Asian primary care physicians.     

A naphthalimide-based turn-on fluorescence probe for peroxynitrite detection and imaging in living cells

Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) is a potent biological oxidant that plays a significant role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. A novel fluorescent probe HCA-OH was developed for specific and sensitive detection of peroxynitrite, and displayed a significant fluorescence turn-on signal. With low cytotoxicity and good photostability, the probe HCA-OH could be applied in imaging ONOO⁻ distribution in HepG2 cells and live C. elegans in real time. Therefore, the probe can be a promising tool for imaging in vivo.

A novel fluorescent probe HCA-OH was designed for selective detection of peroxynitrite and imaging in HepG2 cells and C. elegans.     

Local delivery of mutant CCL2 protein‐reduced orthopaedic implant wear particle‐induced osteolysis and inflammation in vivo

Total joint replacement (TJR) has been widely used as a standard treatment for late‐stage arthritis. One challenge for long‐term efficacy of TJR is the generation of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles from the implant surface that activates an inflammatory cascade which may lead to bone loss, prosthetic loosening and eventual failure of the procedure. Here, we investigate the efficacy of local administration of mutant CCL2 proteins, such as 7ND, on reducing wear particle‐induced inflammation and osteolysis in vivo using a mouse calvarial model. Mice were treated with local injection of 7ND or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every other day for up to 14 days. Wear particle‐induced osteolysis and the effects of 7ND treatment were evaluated using micro‐CT, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the PBS control, 7ND treatment significantly decreased wear particle‐induced osteolysis, which led to a higher bone volume fraction and bone mineral density. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed 7ND treatment decreased the number of recruited inflammatory cells and osteoclasts. Together, our results support the feasibility of local delivery of 7ND for mitigating wear particle‐induced inflammation and osteolysis, which may offer a promising strategy for extending the life time of TJRs. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:58–64, 2016.     

In vivo near infrared fluorescence imaging and dynamic quantification of pancreatic metastatic tumors using folic acid conjugated biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Cancer metastasis is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatments since it increases the likelihood that a patient will die from the disease. Therefore, the availability of techniques for the early detection and quantification of tumors is very important. We have prepared cyanine 7.5 NHS ester (Cy_7.5) and folic acid (FA) conjugated biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSN@Cy_7.5-FA NPs) (~100 nm) for visualizing tumors in vivo. The fluorescence spectra revealed that the emission peak of bMSN@Cy_7.5-FA NPs had a red-shift of 1 nm. Confocal immunofluorescent images showed that bMSN@Cy_7.5-FA NPs had an excellent targeting ability for visualizing cancer cells. In vivo fluorescence imaging has been conducted using an orthotopic model for pancreatic cancer within 48 h, and the fluorescence intensity reached a maximum at a post injection time-point of 12 h, which demonstrated that the use of bMSN@Cy_7.5-FA NPs provides an excellent imaging platform for tumor precision therapy in mice.     

社区老年人维生素D水平调查及其与健康相关生命质量的相关性研究

背景 维生素D水平随着年龄的增长而下降,与老年人常见的骨质疏松症、骨折、跌倒和肌无力等相关。此外,其与老年人生命质量的关联性也逐渐被关注。 目的 探讨北京市社区老年人群维生素D水平及其与健康相关生命质量的相关性,为提高该人群的全生命周期生活质量提供决策参考。 方法 本研究数据来源于2017年11月至2018年7月在北京市朝阳区和丰台区开展的BEYOND研究数据库,纳入≥60岁的1 066例老年人进行分析。收集患者资料,包括人口和社会经济学特征、骨代谢生化指标、骨密度、左右手握力、坐立试验、随访2年的跌倒史和骨折史。依据25-羟基维生素D〔25（OH）D〕水平将受试者分为维生素D缺乏组、维生素D不足组和维生素D充足组,并采用欧洲五维健康量表（EQ-5D）对受试者健康相关生命质量进行评价。 结果 1 066例受试者中,维生素D缺乏组729例（68.39%）,维生素D不足组291例（27.30%）,维生素D充足组46例（4.32%）。三组受试者血清Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽（P1NP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、骨钙素（OST）、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽交联（β-CTX）、左髋整体T值、右髋整体T值、左手握力比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组疼痛不适维度和EQ-5D效用值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中维生素D充足组EQ-5D效用值均高于维生素D缺乏组和维生素D不足组（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,25（OH）D水平是老年人EQ-5D效用值的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 北京市社区老年人维生素D缺乏率和不足率分别为68.39%和27.30%,维生素D水平与老年人骨密度、握力与EQ-5D总效用值相关。尽早筛查老年人群维生素D水平并及时补充足够摄入量对维持并提高该人群健康相关生命质量具有重要意义。     

Gray matter atrophy and corresponding impairments in connectivity in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune disease that is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment and various neurological and psychiatric symptoms, advanced image analyses help explore the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to explore specific structural and functional alterations and their relationship with the clinical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this study, twenty-two patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after the acute stage and 29 controls received cognitive assessments and magnetic resonance imaging. Grey matter atrophy was measured using voxel-based morphometry, and functional alterations in abnormal regions were subsequently investigated using resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Finally, correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between imaging alterations and cognitive assessments. The patients demonstrated significant gray matter atrophy in the bilateral triangle part of the inferior frontal gyrus (triIFG.L and triIFG.R) and right precuneus, decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and bilateral Heschl gyrus (HES), decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R, decreased RSFC between right precuneus and left cerebellum, and increased RSFC between triIFG.R and left superior frontal gyrus. Further correlation analyses showed that the gray matter volume in triIFG.R and decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and HES.R were associated with decreased memory scores, whereas decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R was marginally correlated with the disease course in patients. In conclusion, this study suggests that cognitive impairments in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be mainly associated with gray matter atrophy and abnormal RSFC in the triIFG. These findings provide new insights into anti-NMDAR encephalitis pathogenesis and help explore potential treatments.

     

胸腰椎骨折复位固定器的研制与临床应用

目的：探索一种简便有效的外固定器具来治疗胸腰椎骨折。方法：从生物力学角度，利用脊柱过伸复位，三点固定的原理，研制出一种复位固定器。该复位固定器的后板弧度可以调节，患者仰卧于弓起的后板上，通过患者自身的重量，达到缓慢过伸复位。复位后收紧固定带，使胸片的上、下端与后板的距离相对固定，防止再移位。结果：固定器法与二桌法相比，该法患者疼痛轻，不易疲劳，与石膏背心固定相比，该复位固定器轻巧，易被患者接受。适用于稳定型和轻度不稳定型胸腰椎骨折、无条件手术的严重不稳定型胸腰椎骨折，各种胸腰椎疾病手术后需要外固定的病人。结论：固定器法操作简单，效果确切，优于二桌法，是非手术治疗的良好补充。     

健康老人认知功能和海马体积相关性的横断面研究(英文)

背景:在中国老年人认知功能障碍及痴呆是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题,但对认知能力下降的生物学指标的研究极其有限。目的:探索健康老人多个领域的认知功能与左右侧海马体积之间的关系。方法:使用配有MPRAGE序列的西门子3.0 T Trio Tim磁共振扫描仪对65名65至75岁的社区健康受试者进行结构成像扫描。采用Freesurfer软件来确定左右侧海马的体积。使用可重复的神经心理状态成套检查(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)对认知功能进行评价。评估海马体积与认知功能之间未调整和调整后的相关性。结果:在这一相对狭窄的年龄段中,女性的年龄与大多数认知功能评估结果显著相关,但男性中年龄与任何认知评估结果都不相关。无论是男性还是女性,右侧海马体积与延迟记忆呈正相关,而左侧海马体积与即刻记忆和延迟记忆均呈正相关(虽然在女性中与延迟记忆只有相关的趋势)。经调整年龄、性别和受教育年数(该变量与所有认知评估结果的相关性最强)后,左右侧海马体积均与延迟记忆呈正相关,但与即刻记忆无关联。有趣的是,左右侧海马的体积之差与RBANS注意分量表得分呈负相关,女性中该相关性要强于男性。结论:本研究证实了先前关于海马体积和记忆之间相关性的研究工作,提出了注意力和两侧海马体积差异可能存在关联,并表明海马体积和记忆的相关性存在一些性别差异。     

Environmental risk assessment in livestock manure derived biochars

Livestock-manure-derived biochar is one of major products obtained from the pyrolysis of livestock manure. This study quantitatively assesses the pollution level and ecological risks associated with heavy metals in livestock manure and the biochar produced by its pyrolysis. The geo-accumulation index (GAI) values of heavy metals in livestock manure were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and indicated to be at the grade of uncontaminated expected for Zn in pig-manure-derived biochar (PMB, 0.94, 800 °C) via pyrolysis. Therefore, Zn should be paid more attention in PMB. The risk factors (E_rⁱ) result shows that heavy metals in biochars were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Potential ecological risk index values revealed that the integrated risks from the heavy metals were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after pyrolysis. Similarly, the risk assessment code values indicated that the risks from the heavy metals in livestock-manure-derived biochars were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after pyrolysis. In summary, pyrolysis represents an effective treatment method for livestock manure and can provide an effective method to reduce the risks of environmental pollution.

Livestock-manure-derived biochar is one of major products obtained from the pyrolysis of livestock manure. This study quantitatively assesses the pollution level and ecological risks associated with heavy metals in livestock manure and the biochar produced by its pyrolysis.