PLGA–PTMC–Cultured Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Scaffold Enhances Cartilage Regeneration in Tissue‐Engineered Tracheal Transplantation

The treatment of long‐segment tracheal defect requires the transplantation of effective tracheal substitute, and the tissue‐engineered trachea (TET) has been proposed as an ideal tracheal substitute. The major cause of the failure of segmental tracheal defect reconstruction by TET is airway collapse caused by the chondromalacia of TET cartilage. The key to maintain the TET structure is the regeneration of chondrocytes in cartilage, which can secrete plenty of cartilage matrices. To address the problem of the chondromalacia of TET cartilage, this study proposed an improved strategy. We designed a new cell sheet scaffold using the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) to make a porous membrane for seeding cells, and used the PLGA–PTMC cell‐scaffold to pack the decellularized allogeneic trachea to construct a new type of TET. The TET was then implanted in the subcutaneous tissue for vascularization for 2 weeks. Orthotopic transplantation was then performed after implantation. The efficiency of the TET we designed was analyzed by histological examination and biomechanical analyses 4 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, both the number of chondrocytes and the amount of cartilage matrix were significantly higher than those contained in the traditional stem‐cell–based TET. Besides, the coefficient of stiffness of TET was significantly larger than the traditional TET. This study provided a promising approach for the long‐term functional reconstruction of long‐segment tracheal defect, and the TET we designed had potential application prospects in the field of TET reconstruction.     

Arthroscopic internal drainage and cystectomy of popliteal cyst in knee osteoarthritis

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic knee cavity internal drainage and cyst cavity debridement operation of popliteal cyst in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Methods

From August 2007 to March 2013, 58 knee osteoarthritis patients with popliteal cyst were treated with arthroscopic knee cavity internal drainage through posteromedial portal and popliteal cyst cavity debridement through superior posteromedial portal. In all patients, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to detect combined intra-articular pathology and the communication between popliteal cyst and knee cavity. Clinical efficacy was evaluated through VAS score and Lysholm score.

Results

All patients had neither recurrence of popliteal cyst nor complaints of pain, swelling, or functional impairment at average 24 months follow-up after surgery. Postoperatively, VAS score was decreased significantly and Lysholm score was raised significantly comparing preoperatively.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic knee cavity internal drainage operation through posteromedial portal and popliteal cyst cavity debridement through superior posteromedial portal is an effective minimally invasive surgery method for the treatment of popliteal cyst without recurrence in knee osteoarthritis patients.

     

Two-stage revisions for culture-negative infected total knee arthroplasties: A five-year outcome in comparison with one-stage and two-stage revisions for culture-positive cases

Background

Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is very intractable when dealing with an infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patient. Two-stage revision has been proved to be a reliable solution for PJI patients. Whether it is still credible for culture-negative infected patients remains uncertain.

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛182例

目的观察微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效和安全性。方法采取微血管减压手术治疗182例患者,对手术入路及血管神经隔离方法进行改良。结果手术早期的总有效率为97.3%,无一例发生脑脊液漏、颅内感染等严重并发症。结论微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛的安全、有效方法,手术方法的改良有利于提高手术治疗的有效率和防止并发症生。     

Laparoscopic repair of hiatus hernia: Does mesh type influence outcome? A meta-analysis and European survey study

Background

Synthetic mesh (SM) has been used in the laparoscopic repair of hiatus hernia but remains controversial due to reports of complications, most notably esophageal erosion. Biological mesh (BM) has been proposed as an alternative to mitigate this risk. The aim of this study is to establish the incidence of complications, recurrence and revision surgery in patients following suture (SR), SM or BM repair and undertake a survey of surgeons to establish a perspective of current practice.

Methods

An electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane database was performed. Pooled odds ratios (PORs) were calculated for discrete variables. To survey current practice an online questionnaire was sent to emails registered to the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery.

Results

Nine studies were included, comprising 676 patients (310 with SR, 214 with SM and 152 with BM). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications with mesh compared to SR (P = 0.993). Mesh significantly reduced overall recurrence rates compared to SR [14.5 vs. 24.5 %; POR = 0.36 (95 % CI 0.17–0.77); P = 0.009]. Overall recurrence rates were reduced in the SM compared to BM groups (12.6 vs. 17.1 %), and similarly compared to the SR group, the POR for recurrence was lower in the SM group than the BM group [0.30 (95 % CI 0.12–0.73); P = 0.008 vs. 0.69 (95 % CI 0.26–1.83); P = 0.457]. Regarding surgical technique 503 survey responses were included. Mesh reinforcement of the crura was undertaken by 67 % of surgeons in all or selected cases with 67 % of these preferring synthetic mesh to absorbable mesh. One-fifth of the respondents had encountered mesh erosion in their career.

Conclusions

Both SM and BM reduce rates of recurrence compared to SR, with SM proving most effective. Surgical practice is varied, and there remains insufficient evidence regarding the optimum technique for the repair of hiatal hernia.

     

双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统的三维有限元研究

目的 探讨双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统的生物力学性能.方法 健康男性志愿者,年龄28岁,身高172 cm ,体重60 kg ,X线检查排除枕颈部畸形;对志愿者进行枕骨底到第三颈椎(C0-3)薄层CT扫描,建立具有详细解剖结构的上颈椎(C0-3)有限元模型并验证其有效性.在寰枢椎不稳的上颈椎模型中模拟双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩固定并进行三维有限元对比分析.结果 上颈椎三维非线性有限元模型的仿真性好,可以进行生物力学分析.双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统中螺钉在经过寰枢关节部位时应力最大,有良好的生物力学稳定性.结论 双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩固定是一种实用、有效的寰枢椎融合方式.     

胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助的小切口胸腰椎前路手术

目的：探讨胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助下小切口胸腰椎前路病灶清除和重建术的疗效及并发症。方法：63例胸腰椎疾病患者，胸腰椎爆裂性骨折25例，胸腰椎结核28例（均伴有腰椎冷脓肿或死骨），胸腰椎转移性肿瘤6例，嗜酸性肉芽肿1例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例，胸椎间盘突出症2例。神经功能Frankel分级：A级4例，B级4例，C级5例．D绒8例，E级42例。采用胸腔镜光源辅助下小切口手术35例，头灯光源辅助下小切口手术28例。病灶清除重建植骨术24例，病灶清除植骨钉板内固定39例。结果：切口长度5．7cm，平均5．8cm。平均手术时间210min，平均术中小血量650ml。术后神经功能A级4例，B级1例，C级2例，D级10例。E级46例。并发胸腔积液2例，肺不张2例，脑脊液漏1例，股外侧皮神经或肋间神经损害7例，经治疗均治愈。42例获半年～2年，平均1.1年随访，无植骨脱出或内固定失效，植骨均获愈合，畸形得到矫正，结核无复发，1例转移性肿瘤复发。结论：光源辅助下小切口腰腰椎前路手术克服了常规开胸手术切口长、创伤大、术后恢复慢等缺点，同时也克服了标准“锁孔”胸腔镜技术操作口过小、完全镜下操作、技术要求高、不易推广等缺点．是并发症较少、便于推广的较安全微创技术。     

老年腹股沟疝无张力修补术与传统修补术的比较

目的 比较无张力腹股沟疝修补术与传统腹股沟疝修补术在老年患者中应用的临床结果、术后生活质量和经济开支。方法 自2000～2001年60岁以上的老年患者42例行腹股沟疝无张力修补术与42例行传统腹股沟疝修补术者，分类比较。结果　无张力腹股沟疝修补术对于老年患者在复发率、术后镇痛、手术时间和术后下地时间方面均明显优于传统腹股沟疝修补术。结论　无张力腹股沟疝修补术运用在老年患者中，近远期效果均优于传统修补手术。     

Inhibition of Autophagy by 3-MA Enhances the Effect of 5-FU-Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells

Background  5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, 5-FU resistance in the course of treatment has become more common. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies and/or new adjuvant drugs still need to be explored. Methods  Two colon-cancer-derived cell lines, colon26 and HT29, were used to investigate the effect of 5-FU, 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor), or their combination on apoptotic cell death and autophagy. MTT assay, Hochest plus propidium iodide (PI) staining, and DNA fragmentation assay were used to observe apoptosis. Meanwhile, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) was used to detect autophagy. Finally, immunoblotting assay was used to explore the molecular change that occurred. Results  We observed the apoptosis induced by 5-FU in colon cancer cells. Meanwhile, autophagy was also stimulated. The combination treatment of 3-MA and 5-FU significantly increased the apoptotic cell death. By isolating the subcellular fractions of mitochondria and cytosol, we observed that the release of cytochrome c was increased in combination-treated cells. Cytochrome c resulted in the activation of caspase-3, thus activating PARP. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, was significantly downregulated by 3-MA. Conclusions  Our results suggest that 5-FU-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells can be enhanced by the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA. Autophagy might play a role as a self-defense mechanism in 5-FU-treated colon cancer cells, and its inhibition could be a promising strategy for the adjuvant chemotherapy of colon cancer.     

Study of telomerase activity in pleural lavage fluid specimens in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and its clinical significance

Objective: To detect telomerase activity in pleural lavage fluid specimens in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to evaluate its clinical value. Methods: From July 2005 to May 2007, 167 pleural lavage fluid specimens were obtained from 135 patients with NSCLC and 32 patients with benign lung tumour during operation. Telomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity in these specimens. Pleural lavage cytology (PLC) analysis of the pleural lavage fluid specimens was used for comparison. All the above specimens were examined within 3 h. Results: The positive rate of telomerase activity and PLC in pleural lavage fluid from patients with NSCLC was 25.2% (34/135) and 8.1% (11/135), respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Telomerase activity was detected in all 11 specimens with positive cytological examination. Telomerase activity was negative in all 32 patients with benign lung tumour. There was a significant relationship between telomerase activity and pleural extension, T level, N level as well as the clinical TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) stage of lung cancer. A significant association was found between positive telomerase activity and overall survival rate, even stage I survival rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that telomerase activity, as well as PLC and the TNM stage were independent predictors of prognosis. Conclusion: Telomerase activity is a useful adjunct for cytological method in the diagnosis of pleural micro-metastasis and was related to prognosis in a patient with NSCLC.