Elevated peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts a favorable prognosis in the patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Introduction:Patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have variable survival outcomes. We have previously shown that an elevated peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is as...     

甲氧氯普胺口崩片的制备及体外溶出度考察

摘 要 目的： 制备甲氧氯普胺口崩片并优化处方,并对其体外溶出度进行考察。方法: 采用全因子试验设计,以填充剂配比（X₁）、崩解剂（X₂,%）用量为影响因素,以脆碎度（Y₁,%）、崩解时限（Y₂,s）、甲氧氯普胺在15 min的溶出度（Y₃,%）为片剂考察指标优化处方;并考察其在4种溶出介质中的溶出行为。结果: 甲氧氯普胺口崩片的最优处方组成为：填充剂甘露醇与微晶纤维素比例为2.5∶1、崩解剂占片重为6.5%。甲氧氯普胺口崩片在4种溶出介质中累积溶出度均大于80%。结论:甲氧氯普胺口崩片处方设计合理,制备工艺可行,质量可控。     

妊娠期糖尿病合并甲状腺功能减退症47例临床分析

目的：观察甲状腺功能减退症（简称甲减）对妊娠期糖尿病患者各项代谢指标的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月在该院就诊的妊娠期糖尿病合并甲减孕妇47例,随机选取同期妊娠期糖尿病孕妇74例作为对照,检测两组孕妇的空腹血糖（ FBG）、口服葡萄糖耐量1 h时血糖（1hBG）、口服葡萄糖耐量2 h时血糖（2hBG）、糖化血红蛋白（ HbA1c）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、载脂蛋白a（Apoa）、载脂蛋白b（Apob）、血清肌酐（Cr）、胰岛素用量等。结果甲减组的TG、TC、LDL-C显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;FBG、1hBG、2hBG、HbA1c、HDL-C、Apoa、Apob、Cr无显著差别（P＞0．05）;甲减组的胰岛素用量与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。 TSH与TG、TC和LDL成正相关（P＜0．05）。结论临床上应重视妊娠期糖尿病孕妇甲状腺功能及各项代谢指标的筛查并早期干预治疗,减少甲减对脂代谢的影响。     

Salidroside ameliorates insulin resistance through activation of a mitochondria-associated AMPK/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway

Background and Purpose

Recent reports have suggested that salidroside could protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury and stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetic mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

The therapeutic effects of salidroside on type 2 diabetes were investigated. Increasing doses of salidroside (25, 50 and 100 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) were administered p.o. to db/db mice for 8 weeks. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of salidroside. Primary cultured mouse hepatocytes were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro.

Key Results

Salidroside dramatically reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and alleviated insulin resistance. Hypolipidaemic effects and amelioration of liver steatosis were observed after salidroside administration. In vitro, salidroside dose-dependently induced an increase in the phosphorylations of AMPK and PI3K/Akt, as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in hepatocytes. Furthermore, salidroside-stimulated AMPK activation was found to suppress the expression of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase. Salidroside-induced AMPK activation also resulted in phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, which can reduce lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues. In isolated mitochondria, salidroside inhibited respiratory chain complex I and disturbed oxidation/phosphorylation coupling and moderately depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in a transient increase in the AMP/ATP ratio.

Conclusions and Implications

Salidroside exerts an antidiabetic effect by improving the cellular metabolic flux through the activation of a mitochondria-related AMPK/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway     

胰高血糖素样肽-1及其类似物的降糖机制

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulin secretagogue that secreted by intestinal L-cells. After binding with its receptor, GLP-1 stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, β-cell prolifera-tion and differentiation as well as inhibits its apeptosis, decelerates gastric emptying, improves insulin sensi-tivity of periphery tissue. The long-acting GLP-1 analogues decrease hyperglycemia safely without weight gain and hypoglycemia and protect the function of pancreatic islet beta-cell. Using GLP-1 analogues at early stages of the disease,impaired beta-cell function and possibly beta-cell mass appear to be reversible. These agents axe, therefore, considered new therapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.