高度近视合并青光眼患者视神经纤维层厚度的变化

目的:通过光学相干断层成像(OCT)检测高度近视合并青光眼患者视神经纤维层厚度的变化规律。方法:选取2017-01/12于我院进行治疗的高度近视合并青光眼患者80例160眼作为观察组,并选择同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例120眼作为对照组。采用OCT分析所有受检者视神经纤维层厚度。结果:与对照组受检者相比,观察组患者鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、鼻上、颞下及全周平均视神经纤维层厚度均降低,而颞侧视神经纤维层厚度升高(P<0.05),且观察组中屈光度-10.00^-11.00D的患者鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、鼻上、颞下及全周平均视神经纤维层厚度均显著高于屈光度≥-12.00D的患者(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,观察组患者屈光度的绝对值与鼻侧、颞上、鼻下、颞下及全周平均厚度视神经纤维层厚度呈负相关,与颞侧视神经纤维层厚度呈正相关。结论:高度近视合并青光眼患者除颞侧外各象限视神经纤维层变薄。     

Community nephrology: audit of screening for renal insufficiency in a high risk population.

BACKGROUND: The rate of acceptance onto dialysis programmes has doubled in the past 10 years and is steadily increasing. Early detection and treatment of renal failure slows the rate of progression. Is it feasible to screen for patients who are at increased risk of developing renal failure? We have audited primary care records of patients aged 50-75 years who have either hypertension or diabetes, and are therefore considered to be at high risk of developing renal insufficiency. Our aim was to see whether patients had had their blood pressure measured and urine tested for protein within 12 months, and plasma creatinine measured within 24 months. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of case notes and computer records in 12 general practices from inner and greater London. A total of 16,855 patients were aged 50-75 years. From this age group, 2693 (15.5%) patients were identified as being either hypertensive or diabetic, or both. RESULTS: Of the 2561 records audited, 1359 (53.1%) contained a plasma creatinine measured within 24 months, and 11% of these (150) had a value > 125 micromol/l. This equates to a prevalence of renal insufficiency of > 110,000 patients per million in this group. Forty two patients (28%) had been referred to a nephrologist. Of records audited, 73% contained a blood pressure measurement and 29% contained a test for proteinuria within 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency in hypertensive and diabetic patients. It is feasible to detect renal insufficiency at a primary care level, but an effective system will require computerized databases that code for age, ethnicity, measurement of blood pressure and renal function, as well as diagnoses.     

晚期前列腺癌的诊断与治疗(附41例报告)

目的:提高晚期前列腺癌的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析采用睾丸切除术、内分泌治疗、放射治疗和同位素治疗等综合治疗的41例晚期前列腺癌患者资料。结果:41例经随访3～12个月,尿路梗阻症状均有不同程度改善,前列腺明显缩小,血清前列腺特异性抗原迅速降低,骨痛缓解。结论:积极的综合治疗能明显提高患者的生活质量     

FAS抗原胞外区片段GST融合蛋白的产生

目的：获得重组ＦＡＳ抗原，用于抗体制备及进一步的功能分析。方法：用ＰＣＲ技术从完整的ＦＡＳｃＤＮＡ克隆上扩增其编码胞外区的部分，将ＰＣＲ产物直接克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统，ＤＮＡ序列分析证实序列完全正确；用ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＳａｌⅠ将ＦＡＳ胞外区片段切出，定向克隆到经同样酶切处理的ｐＧＥＸ－ＫＧ表达载体，转化大肠杆菌，经优化ＩＰＴＧ的诱导条件，获得了ＦＡＳ胞外区与谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶的融合蛋白高效表达；用亲合层析法从细菌粗提物中纯化了ＧＳＴ－ＦＡＳ融合蛋白，免疫家兔制备了抗ＦＡＳ抗体。结果：用重组ＦＡＳ为免疫原制备的抗体能诱导Ｕ９３７细胞产生细胞凋亡。结论：重组ＦＡＳ抗原和制备的抗体能用于对ＦＡＳ系统的功能研究     

不完全相合造血干细胞移植中GVHD的预测研究:模拟HLA抗原结构的比较与应用

采用通用的微量淋巴细胞毒实验和序列测定方法对拟进行造血干细胞移植的患者及供体进行HLA分型；用计算机分子模拟手段，从HLA分子三维结构方面探讨预测移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生程度，以预测移植后GVHD的发生情况。结果发现，8例供受体中，3例为半匹配移植，其中2例发生了Ⅳ度GVHD，1例发生了Ⅱ度GVHD；3例为两个抗原不相合移植，其中1例发生了Ⅱ度GVHD，2例发生了Ⅱ度GVHD；2例口才为一个抗原不相合移植，分别发生了Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度GVHD；GVHD的发生程度与HLA不相合抗原RMSD差异的大小呈正相关。提示异基因造血干细胞移植时，GVHD发生程度与HLA分子三维结构的差异有密切关系，三维结构分子模拟进行GVHD预测可以为临床医生提供较好的预后指标。     

湿细针穿刺细胞学检查对乳腺癌的诊断意义

目的探讨乳腺癌术前最佳病理学诊断方法. 方法对68例怀疑乳腺癌者用 7号针头、10 ml注射器进行湿细针穿刺细胞学检查. 结果 19例穿刺阳性找到癌细胞,无假阳性.余49例穿刺阴性中46例行乳腺区段切除, 1例术后石蜡切片为乳腺纤维肉瘤,其余均为良性病变;3例未行手术者随访 11～ 20个月均未发现乳腺癌.敏感性95.0%(19/20),特异性100%(48/48),准确率98.5%(67/68),假阴性率5.0%(1/20),假阳性率为0(0/48). 19例穿刺阳性无一例出现针道种植癌.无任何并发症. 结论湿细针穿刺细胞学检查具有安全、经济、方便、快速、痛苦小、准确率高的特点,可作为诊断乳腺癌的首选方法.     

微波辐射对小鼠联合型学习记忆功能及海马组织结构的影响

目的 探讨微波辐射对联合型学习记忆功能及海马组织结构的影响。方法 将小鼠按随机数表法分为假辐射组和微波辐射组,各27只。采用2.856 GHz、8 mW/cm²微波辐射C57BL/6N小鼠15 min,建立微波辐射动物模型。采用Morris水迷宫和穿梭箱行为学实验,研究微波辐射对小鼠空间学习记忆和联合型学习记忆功能的影响。观察海马组织病理学变化,研究微波辐射后海马组织超微结构改变。结果 Morris水迷宫结果表明,微波辐射后小鼠反向空间探索实验跨越平台次数减少,由(3.60±0.79)次降至(2.55±0.47)次(t = 2.21,P= 0.046);穿梭箱实验结果表明,辐射后小鼠平均主动逃避率显著下降(t = 2.70,P<0.05),平均主动潜伏期和总电击时间显著延长(t = -3.09、-3.02,P < 0.05)。辐射后8 d,海马CA3和DG区部分神经元核固缩,海马CA3区神经元凋亡、突触间隙模糊、胶质细胞肿胀、血管周隙增宽。结论 微波辐射可引起小鼠空间参考记忆能力及联合型学习记忆能力下降,海马组织形态学病理改变是其功能障碍的结构基础。