腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠代阴道术治疗MRKH综合征

目的 :总结使用全腹腔镜和腹腔镜辅助下乙状结肠阴道成形术各成功治疗1例Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser综合征 (MRKH综合征 )的经验。方法 :全腹腔镜下使用腔镜闭合切割器切断乙状结肠的近端和远端。自肛门插入腔内圆型吻合器 ,将降结肠与直肠吻合。经会阴于尿道膀胱与直肠之间造穴。将带血管蒂的乙状结肠牵入穴道 ,完成阴道成形。腹腔镜辅助下阴道成形中 ,腔镜闭合切割器切断乙状结肠的远端后 ,于左下腹壁做一辅助切口 ,将近端乙状结肠经此切口拉出至腹腔外。切断乙状结肠近端 ,将乙状结肠的远端开口缝合 2层 ,使之成盲端。近侧端开口置入吻合器之钉钻 ,再行荷包缝合送回腹腔 ,用吻合器行肠吻合。其余步骤同全腹腔镜手术步骤。术后根据临床检查或磁共振成像测量新成形阴道的长度和宽度。结果 :全腹腔镜手术新成形的阴道长 18cm ,宽 4cm。腹腔镜辅助手术新形成的阴道长 19cm ,宽 4cm。两例新形成的阴道黏膜湿润 ,呈粉红色。无术中和术后并发症的发生。结论 :经腹腔镜乙状结肠移植段的长度完全能达到开腹手术的要求。与开放手术比较 ,全腹腔镜乙状结肠代阴道手术在腹壁上不留手术瘢痕 ,美容效果理想。而腹腔镜辅助下阴道成形 ,虽腹壁留有小手术疤痕 ,但操作简便 ,手术时间短 ,手术费用低     

247例小儿急性肠套叠的诊治体会

目的 分析小儿肠套叠的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法 总结247例小儿急性肠套叠的临床表现、治疗及效果。结果 244例均以阵发性哭闹（或腹痛）、呕吐、血便和腹部包块为主要症状，X线透视下行空气灌肠确诊和整复治疗，成功达210例（85．3％）。结论 小儿急性肠套叠早期诊断和治疗与预后相关。     

Evaluation of biologic end points and pharmacokinetics in patients with metastatic breast cancer after treatment with erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and its downstream signaling in tumor and surrogate tissue biopsies in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and to assess relationships between biomarkers in tumor and normal tissues and between biomarkers and pharmacokinetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients were treated orally with 150 mg/d of erlotinib. Ki67, EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK), and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in 15 paired tumor, skin, and buccal mucosa biopsies (at baseline and after 1 month of therapy) were examined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed quantitatively. Pharmacokinetic sampling was also obtained. RESULTS: The stratum corneum layer and Ki67 in keratinocytes of the epidermis in 15 paired skin biopsies significantly decreased after treatment (P = .0005 and P = .0003, respectively). No significant change in Ki67 was detected in 15 tumors, and no responses were observed. One was EGFR-positive and displayed heterogeneous expression of the receptor, and 14 were EGFR-negative. In the EGFR-positive tumor, pEGFR, pMAPK, and pAKT were reduced after treatment. Paradoxically, pEGFR was increased in EGFR-negative tumors post-treatment (P = .001). Although markers were reduced in surrogate and tumor tissues in the patient with EGFR-positive tumor, no apparent associations were observed in patients with EGFR-negative tumor. CONCLUSION: Erlotinib has inhibitory biologic effects on normal surrogate tissues and on an EGFR-positive tumor. The lack of reduced tumor proliferation may be attributed to the heterogeneous expression of receptor in the EGFR-positive patient and absence of target in this cohort of heavily pretreated patients.     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体与上皮性卵巢癌发展

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体 (KDR)与上皮性卵巢癌发展的关系。方法　用免疫组化方法检测 4 5例人上皮性卵巢癌中VEGF及KDR的表达 ,分析VEGF及KDR表达与卵巢癌FIGO分期、淋巴结转移及预后的关系。结果　 4 5例上皮性卵巢癌中 ,VEGF、KDR表达阳性率分别为 73.3% (33/ 4 5 )、5 7.8% (2 6 / 4 5 )。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期卵巢癌VEGF表达阳性率 (94 .4 % ,17/ 18)高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期卵巢癌 (5 9.3% ,16 / 2 7)。淋巴结转移阳性组中VEGF表达阳性率 (10 0 % ,12 / 12 )高于淋巴结转移阴性组 (16 / 2 6 ,6 1.5 % ) ,(P <0 .0 5 )。VEGF表达阴性者生存率高于VEGF表达阳性者 (P =0 .0 4 7)。不同组织学类型上皮性卵巢癌中VEGF表达无明显差异。KDR表达与卵巢癌分期、淋巴转移及预后无关。结论　VEGF与上皮性卵巢癌发展有关。     

P7 antigen expression in human breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Evaluate p7 expression in human breast cancer and determine whether chemotherapy and radiation therapy effect a change in p7 expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using a p7-specific monoclonal antibody with immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot analyses to assess p7 expression in archival, frozen breast cancer specimens both before and after therapy. RESULTS: A novel 7 kDa protein (p7), originally identified in multidrug-resistant ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, was found to be expressed in 21 of 64 (32%) primary, unselected human breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry with the use of a p7-specific monoclonal antibody, 1D7. P7 was observed in malignant cells but not in other types of cells in the breast tissue. Western blot analysis confirmed the 7 kDa polypeptide in p7-positive breast carcinomas identified by immunohistochemistry. P7 expression was significantly associated with breast cancers having distant metastasis and/or local recurrence (P = 0.027, Fisher's exact test). In addition, p7 expression was significantly increased in post-treatment breast cancer biopsy specimens compared with pretreatment breast cancer biopsy specimens in patients with locally advanced breast cancer after 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and radiation therapy [2 of 15 (13%) pretreatment breast cancers compared with 8 of 15 (53%) post-treatment breast cancers; P = 0.016, McNemar's test]. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that expression of p7 is associated with malignant tumor cells in primary breast cancers, especially those showing recurrent or metastatic disease. Its specific association with the malignant phenotype suggests it may have potential for novel target-based therapies. The markedly increased expression in patients with locally advanced disease after neoadjuvant therapy suggests a role for p7 in treatment outcome.     

慢性乙型肝炎舌下脉络曲张与辨证分型的关系

通过对242例慢性乙型肝炎患者舌下脉络的观察，据中医辨证分型，发现慢性乙型肝炎不同证型间舌下脉络曲张程度各有差异，肝郁脾虚、脾肾阳虚型舌下脉络迂曲扩张程度均低于瘀血阻络型（经统计学处理，均P＜0．01）。说明舌下脉络迂曲扩张可作为血瘀证辨证的主要指标之一。     

日立超速离心机区带转头在使用中应注意的几个问题

区带超速离心技术在我们公司内应用于一些生物制品的生产工艺中,而应用较多的离心机区带转头是P35ZT转头,为了保证设备的正常运行,特将P35ZT转头使用中的应注意检查事项归纳起来.     

广域病案质量管理系统研制报告

目的该研究项目目的是要建立一个广域的病案质量信息管理平台,规范病案质控工作.使病案质控逐步走向规范化、系统化,在广域环境里整体提高病案质量水平.方法该系统总体设计上分为微观管理端和宏观管理端两个层次,组成广域病案质量数据管理平台;在病案质量内容上,该系统独创了一个多层多段多维的数学模型,利用它来对病案质量情况进行描述和管理;在程序编写上,采用了Delphi 7.0和SQL数据库.结果由于从宏观与微观上同时入手,且引入了现代质控方法和概念,该系统投入使用后能在省市级水平上大幅提高病案质控的管理水平.目前支持该设计的计算机软件系统已做完α测试,并进入协作组内部β测试阶段.     

早期盆底肌锻炼防治TUVP术后暂时性尿失禁的临床观察

目的探讨前列腺增生症患者早期行盆底肌锻炼防治经尿道前列腺汽化电切(TUVP)术后暂时性尿失禁和缩短尿失禁持续时间的效果,方法对89例前列腺增生症患者需行TUVP术病例随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组常规在术后拔尿管前1～2d夹闭尿管,定期开放。实验组于明确诊断开始,术后留置尿管期间及拔除尿管后均指导病人进行盆底肌锻炼。比较两组术后尿失禁发生率,尿失禁持续时间。结果实验组术后尿失禁1例,发生率为2.2%,尿失禁持续时间为2d,对照组术后尿失禁11例,发生率25%,尿失禁持续时间7～12d,两组比较,差异有显著性,p<0.01。结论早期行盆底肌锻炼能有效地预防和降低术后尿失禁发生率,缩短尿失禁持续时间。     

大蒜素对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的作用.方法:用急性酶解法获得大鼠的单个心肌细胞,用标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录钙通道电流.结果:5、50、250和500μmol/L大蒜素分别抑制钙电流4.4%、26.91%、38.06%、72.90%.250μmol/L大蒜素能使心肌细胞钙电流-电压曲线明显上移,峰电流密度从(7.17±0.65)pA/pF减少至(4.44±0.52)pA/pF(n=15,P<0.05),但激活电位、峰电位和翻转电位无明显改变(P>0.05).大蒜素能使钙电流失活曲线明显左移(P<0.05).大蒜素对钙电流激活曲线、失活再复活曲线和频率依赖性无明显影响(P>0.05).结论:大蒜素呈浓度依赖性地抑制心肌细胞L-型钙通道.