兴趣在大学生学习中的作用与培养

在大学教学和学习中,学习兴趣是引导学生追求知识的最关键非智力因素之一,兴趣在目前的教育教学中受到越来越多的重视。本文主要论述了兴趣在大学生学习生活中的作用、个人应如何对待自身的兴趣以及作为教育工作者该如何引导和培养学生的学习兴趣,从而改善学习效果。     

临床药师在COPD稳定期管理中的作用

我国慢性病患者数量庞大,反复住院治疗占用大量医疗资源。如何对慢病进行有效的管理,减少患者急性发作住院的次数成为临床药师需要探索的方向。本文就临床药师参与呼吸系统慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）慢病管理的切入点进行分析探讨,为临床药师对COPD稳定期的管理提供工作思路。     

根据口鼻轮廓设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术

目的 探讨根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术的方法及临床效果.方法 通过对鼻唇弯曲轮廓的细微研究,从解剖、力学分析入手,结合唇裂畸形的特点,逐步形成以口鼻弯曲轮廓线为手术切口的术式,参考水平线和正中垂直线及外形,对单侧唇裂患者进行Ⅱ期综合整体修复术.结果 该手术方法应用于临床效果医患双方满意.结论 根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复术,能取得良好的畸形修复和外形美观效果.     

Facile synthesis of an all-in-one graphene nanosheets@nickel electrode for high-power performance supercapacitor application

We report a facile and novel approach for the fabrication of all-in-one supercapacitor electrodes by in situ electrochemical exfoliation of flexible graphite paper (FGP) on a nickel collector. The binder-free three dimensional (3D) graphene nanosheets@Ni (GNSs@Ni) supercapacitor electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 196.4 F g⁻¹ and 36.2 mF cm⁻², respectively, at a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹. Even at the high scan rate of 2500 mV s⁻¹ the specific capacitance of the capacitor still shows a retention of 85.6% (168 F g⁻¹, 31 mF cm⁻²). Meanwhile, the as-prepared electrode offers excellent cycling performance with 91.5% capacitance retention after 100 000 charging–discharging cycles even at the high current density of 11 A g⁻¹. Such high rate capability, specific capacitance and exceptional cycling ability of the GNSs@Ni electrode are attributed to the all-in-one architecture which provides unique properties including high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area and excellent electrochemical stability. We anticipate that these results will shed light on new strategies to synthesize high-performance hybrid nanoarchitectures electrodes using the prepared graphene nanosheets as the support, which offers great potential in energy storage devices and electrochemical catalysis applications.

GNSs@Ni electrode has a high current density, and the C_m and C_s are estimated to be 196.4 F g⁻¹ and 36.2 mF cm⁻².     

Noninherited Factors in Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases Based on Bayesian Network: A Large Multicenter Study

Background: Current studies have confirmed that fetal congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are caused by various factors. However, the quantitative risk of CHD is not clear given the combined effects of multiple factors. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to detect associated factors of fetal CHD using a Bayesian network in a large sample and quantitatively analyze relative risk ratios (RRs). Methods: Pregnant women who underwent fetal echocardiography (N = 16,086 including 3,312 with CHD fetuses) were analyzed. Twenty-six maternal and fetal factors were obtained. A Bayesian network is constructed based on all variables through structural learning and parameter learning methods to find the environmental factors that directly and indirectly associated with outcome, and the probability of fetal CHD in the two groups is predicted through a junction tree reasoning algorithm, so as to obtain RR for fetal CHD under different exposure factor combinations. Taking into account the effect of gestational week on the accuracy of model prediction, we conducted sensitivity analysis on gestational week groups. Results: The single-factor analysis showed that the RRs for the numbers of births, spontaneous abortions, and parental smoking were 1.50, 1.38, and 1.11 (P < 0.001), respectively. The risk gradually increased with the synergistic effect of ranging from one to more environmental factors above. The risk was higher among subjects with five synergistic factors, including the number of births, upper respiratory tract infection during early pregnancy, anemia, and mental stress as well as a history of spontaneous abortions or parental smoking, than in those with less than 5 factors (RR = 2.62 or 2.28, P < 0.001). This result was consistent across the participants grouped by GWs. Conclusion: We identified six factors that were directly associated with fetal CHD. A higher number of these factors led to a higher risk of CHD. These findings suggest that it is important to strengthen healthcare and prenatal counseling for women with these factors.     

蛋白质组学与中医药研究

蛋白质组学研究突破了基因的局限性,能够揭示生命和疾病的最终机制.就蛋白质组学的研究技术及其促进中医药发展的可行性进行介绍,并回顾了近年来应用蛋白质组技术对中医药所作的研究.     

急性心肌梗死患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与介入术后冠状动脉血流的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后冠状动脉无复流的关系。方法 纳入2010－2013 年接受急诊PCI 的232 例STEMI患者, 将患者分为无复流组（TIMI 血流≤2 级）和正常血流组, 采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价NLR预测无复流发生的最佳切点值, 并进行logistic 回归分析无复流的危险因素。数据分析使用SPSS 11.0 统计软件。结果 无复流组的NLR 高于正常血流组［4.1（2.4～6.5）vs. 2.4（1.7～3.8）, P＝0.001］;ROC曲线计算NLR预测无复流的最佳切点值为3.2, 其敏感度、特异度分别为80%和73%;高NLR 组的无复流发生率明显大于低NLR 组（34.8% vs.9.3%,P＜0.001）;NLR（＞3.2）是无复流的独立危险因素（OR＝3.70, 95% CI：1.39～9.80, P＝0.009）。结论 NLR是STEMI患者急诊PCI后发生无复流现象的独立危险因素, 对其早期危险分层有一定的参考价值。