2型糖尿病足溃疡患者足部病变程度与血尿酸水平的关系

目的 探讨住院2型糖尿病患者足部溃疡的严重程度(Wagnerl 5级)与血尿酸之间的关系。方法 选取 2017年1月?2018年5月在我院内分泌科住院的134例2型糖尿病足溃疡患者,根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组及尿酸 正常组,比较两组患者一般资料及临床指标的差异,分析2型糖尿病足溃疡患者合并高尿酸血症的影响因素。同时将 Wagnerl级(Wl)、2级(W2)、3级(W3)各分为一组,4级和5级为一组(W4) ,分析4组患者的临床特征及血尿酸水平的 情况,了解4组患者足部病变严重程度与血尿酸水平的相关性。结果 与NUA组相比,HUA组患者Wagner分级均升 高(P<0.05),同时HUA组吸烟率增加,糖尿病病程、WBC、血肌肝均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),但HUA组 较NUA组糖化血红蛋白降低(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿足合并HUA组中,Wagner分级是血 尿酸升高的独立危险因素?( P<0. 05)。W1 W4组间患者中吸烟、糖尿病病程、TC、LDL、WBC、RBC、Hb、Alb、Ca、UA 均有统计学差异(P<0. 05),且随着足部病变程度的加重,患者血尿酸水平逐渐升高。Wagner分级与糖尿病病®.WBC 及血尿酸呈正相关(PV0. 05),与RBC、Hb、Alb、Tc、LDL、Ca呈负相关(P<0. 05)。校正多因素Logistic回归分析后, 与W1组相比,W2、W3、W4组与血尿酸的OR值逐渐增加(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病足溃疡患者足部病变程度与 血尿酸之间具有相关性,糖尿病足溃疡合并高尿酸血症的患者足溃疡更严重。同时随着足部病变程度的加重,患者血 尿酸水平逐渐升高。     

Impaired placental nutrient transport in mice generated by in vitro fertilization

More than 4.5 million children have been conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Interestingly, singleton IVF offspring born at term have an increased incidence of low birth weight. The mechanism responsible for the lower birth weight is unknown, but alterations in placental function are possible. Hence, the goal of our study was to examine placental growth and function in mice generated in vivo or in vitro. To assess placental function, blastocysts were generated by IVF or produced by natural mating (control group); both IVF and control blastocysts were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients. Placental weights did not differ at embryonic d 15.5 (E15.5) but were increased at E18.5 in the IVF group (25.4%, P < 0.001) compared with control. Proliferation was increased in IVF placentae, whereas overall placental gross morphology and apoptosis were not affected. Both fetal weights (16.4% lower at E15.5 and 8.8% lower at E18.5, P < 0.05) and fetal to placental ratios were lower (P < 0.001) in the IVF compared with the control group at both time points, whereas birth weights did not differ. At E18.5, the mRNA for selected glucose, system A amino acid transporters, and imprinted genes were down-regulated in IVF placentae. GLUT3 protein level was decreased in the IVF group (P < 0.05). Importantly, intrajugular injections of (14)C-methyl-D-glucose or (14)C-MeAIB tracers (n = 6 litters per group) showed that placental transport of glucose and amino acids were 24.8% (not significant) and 58.1% (P < 0.05) lower in the IVF group. Fetal accumulation of glucose was not different, but amino acid accumulation was significantly (36 %) lower in IVF fetuses (P < 0.05). We conclude that IVF alters both fetal and placental growth and, importantly, decreases placental transport efficiency in mice conceived by IVF.     

Critical role of soluble amyloid-β for early hippocampal hyperactivity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive dysfunction of central neurons. Recent experimental evidence indicates that in the cortex, in addition to the silencing of a fraction of neurons, other neurons are hyperactive in amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque-enriched regions. However, it has remained unknown what comes first, neuronal silencing or hyperactivity, and what mechanisms might underlie the primary neuronal dysfunction. Here we examine the activity patterns of hippocampal CA1 neurons in a mouse model of AD in vivo using two-photon Ca(2+) imaging. We found that neuronal activity in the plaque-bearing CA1 region of older mice is profoundly altered. There was a marked increase in the fractions of both silent and hyperactive neurons, as previously also found in the cortex. Remarkably, in the hippocampus of young mice, we observed a selective increase in hyperactive neurons already before the formation of plaques, suggesting that soluble species of Aβ may underlie this impairment. Indeed, we found that acute treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor LY-411575 reduces soluble Aβ levels and rescues the neuronal dysfunction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct application of soluble Aβ can induce neuronal hyperactivity in wild-type mice. Thus, our study identifies hippocampal hyperactivity as a very early functional impairment in AD transgenic mice and provides direct evidence that soluble Aβ is crucial for hippocampal hyperactivity.     

漂白处理对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响

目的:评价35%过氧化氢凝胶对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法:选择离体上颌第三磨牙40颗,在颊面制备Ⅴ类洞复合树脂分层充填,光照固化抛光后按处理时间随机分为4组(n=10):A(对照组)、B(10 min)、C(20 min)、D(30min)。将凝胶涂布于充填体表面进行漂白处理后冷热循环500次,再用2%亚甲蓝溶液染色24 h,沿颊舌纵向剖开,体式显微镜观察并记录染料渗入深度。用Kruskal-Wallis法进行数据分析;Mann-Whitney法组间两两比较,检验水准均为α=0.05。结果:不同漂白处理时间对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较显示A与C、A与D、B与D、C与D间差异有统计学意义。结论:35%过氧化氢凝胶漂白处理使复合树脂充填体的边缘微渗漏程度增加。     

Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles based on star-shaped mannitol-core PLGA-TPGS diblock copolymer for breast cancer therapy

A star-shaped biodegradable polymer, mannitol-core poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (M-PLGA-TPGS), was synthesized in order to provide a novel nanoformulation for breast cancer chemotherapy. This novel copolymer was prepared by a core-first approach via three stages of chemical reaction, and was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. The docetaxel-loaded M-PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (NPs), prepared by a modified nanoprecipitation method, were observed to be near-spherical shape with narrow size distribution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the uptake level of M-PLGA-TPGS NPs was higher than that of PLGA NPs and PLGA-TPGS NPs in MCF-7 cells. A significantly higher level of cytotoxicity was achieved with docetaxel-loaded M-PLGA-TPGS NPs than with commercial Taxotere®, docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS and PLGA NPs. Examination of the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency proved that star-shaped M-PLGA-TPGS could carry higher levels of drug than linear polymer. The in vivo experiment showed docetaxel-loaded M-PLGA-TPGS NPs to have the highest anti-tumor efficacy. In conclusion, the star-like M-PLGA-TPGS copolymer shows potential as a promising drug-loaded biomaterial that can be applied in developing novel nanoformulations for breast cancer therapy.     

75岁以上急性心肌梗死患者的临床特征

目的:了解执行《心肌梗死全球统一定义》后,75岁以上高龄急性心肌梗死(acute myocar-dial infarction,AMI)患者的临床特征。方法:入选2009年7月至2011年8月在我院心内科冠心病监护病房住院的老年AMI患者563例,年龄≥75岁的患者作为高龄组,65～74岁的患者作为对照组(非高龄老年组)。回顾性分析两组患者的一般情况、吸烟、心脑血管疾病史、主要症状与体征、生化、心电图、超声心动图结果、主要治疗、合并疾病、并发症、院内不良事件等临床资料和随访情况,并进行比较。结果:与对照组比较,高龄组女性、既往有心绞痛和心肌梗死及脑血管病史、无典型胸痛症状、非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的比例较高(P<0.05);院前延误时间较长(P<0.01);而舒张压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、左心室射血分数较低;接受血运重建、RAS抑制剂治疗的比例较低(P<0.05),合并疾病、并发症、院内不良事件发生率和病死率更高(P<0.05)。在高龄组中,男性比女性吸烟率较高(P<0.05),接受血运重建率也有增高的趋势(P=0.0682)。随访发现两组患者院外坚持服用阿司匹林、β受体阻滞剂、β受体阻滞剂、肾素血管紧张素抑制剂(RAS)、他汀类调脂药物的百分率均较住院时显著下降(P<0.05),而高龄组比对照组坚持服药率更低(P<0.05);高龄组较对照组院外病死率、再住院率更高(P<0.05)。结论:与非高龄老年组比较,高龄组AMI患者一般情况较差,合并疾病和并发症较多;女性、NSTEMI的比例较高;症状不典型、就诊较晚;较少接受充分治疗,预后较差。     

Positive effects of concomitant heavy metals and their reduzates on hexavalent chromium removal in microbial fuel cells

Cr(vi) laden wastewaters generally comprise a range of multiple heavy metals such as Au(iii) and Cu(ii) with great toxicity. In the present study, cooperative cathode modification by biogenic Au nanoparticles (BioAu) reduced from aqueous Au(iii) and in situ Cu(ii) co-reduction were investigated for the first time to enhance Cr(vi) removal in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). With the co-existence of Cu(ii) in the catholyte, the MFC with carbon cloth modified with nanocomposites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes blended with BioAu (BioAu/MWCNT) obtained the highest Cr(vi) removal rate (4.07 ± 0.01 mg L⁻¹ h⁻¹) and power density (309.34 ± 17.65 mW m⁻²), which were 2.73 and 3.30 times as high as those for the control, respectively. The enhancements were caused by BioAu/MWCNT composites and deposited reduzates of Cu(ii) on the cathode surface, which increased the adsorption capacity, electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the cathode. This study provides an alternative approach for efficiently remediating co-contamination of multiple heavy metals and simultaneous bioenergy recovery.

The cooperative cathode modification by BioAu from Au(iii) and in situ Cu(ii) co-reduction enhanced Cr(vi) removal and bioelectricity generation in MFCs.     

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of azaphilones

Azaphilones have continuously aroused considerable attention owing to their structural diversity and significant biological activities recently. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of recent progress on the isolation, identification, and biological activity, along with synthetic and biosynthetic studies of azaphilones reported from October 2012 to December 2019. Herein, a total of 252 compounds predominantly originated from 32 genera of fungi, such as Penicillium (20%) and Talaromyces (11%), were included in this research with citations of 105 references. Among these azaphilones, approximately half of them were found with various biological activities, of which over 40% displayed cytotoxic/anti-tumor effects. This review would shed light on the future development and research of azaphilones.

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of structurally diverse azaphilones from 2012 to 2019.     

中晚期宫颈癌伴绝经患者综合治疗的临床观察

目的 本研究通过应用三维适形放疗加热疗及抗骨质疏松药物的综合治疗100例宫颈癌伴绝经患者,探讨综合治疗的可行性和优越性,以改进临床工作,提高肿瘤患者的生活质量和疗效。预防和延迟 骨质疏松的发生。方法 将100例宫颈癌患者分为三维适形放疗加热疗及抗骨质疏松药物组50例（R＋H＋OP）和单纯三维适形放疗组50例（R）。治疗过程中观察不良反应,治疗结束后一个月评价疗效。结果 宫颈癌伴绝经患者与对照组相比BGP、BMD均明显降低,P<0.01、P <0.001;AKP升高,两者比较有明显差异,P <0.05; 血 Ca、P无明显变化,P >0.05。结论 对中晚期宫颈癌伴绝经患者用三维适形放疗加热疗及抗骨质疏松药物综合治疗的同时,测定BGP、BMD、AKP等具有临床价值。为进一步提高患者的生活质量必须采取适当的治疗和预防措施,以降低恶性肿瘤的骨转移及其引起的骨破坏,有针对性的选择适形放疗热疗及抗骨质疏松药物等同时对肿瘤引起的骨破坏或继发病症进行治疗和预防,以减轻症状和防止严重并发症的发生。