红葡萄柚对冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血清甘油三酯水平的影响

研究了红葡萄柚和金黄色葡萄柚的生物活性化合物含量及其对高甘油三酯血症患者的影响。结果发现,与金黄色葡萄柚相比,红葡萄柚生物活性化合物含量和抗氧化能力均较高,该发现决定于氧自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-苦味基月井(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPH)、类胡萝卜素漂     

Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035

Introduction

Diabetes is a serious and increasing global health burden and estimates of prevalence are essential for appropriate allocation of resources and monitoring of trends.

Methods

We conducted a literature search of studies reporting the age-specific prevalence for diabetes and used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to systematically select studies to generate estimates for 219 countries and territories. Estimates for countries without available source data were modelled from pooled estimates of countries that were similar in regard to geography, ethnicity, and economic development. Logistic regression was applied to generate smoothed age-specific prevalence estimates for adults 20–79 years which were then applied to population estimates for 2013 and 2035.

Results

A total of 744 data sources were considered and 174 included, representing 130 countries. In 2013, 382 million people had diabetes; this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Most people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries and these will experience the greatest increase in cases of diabetes over the next 22 years.

Conclusion

The new estimates of diabetes in adults confirm the large burden of diabetes, especially in developing countries. Estimates will be updated annually including the most recent, high-quality data available.     

红细胞输注前的质量标准

现行红细胞输注规则主要规定红细胞采集量和输注时存活红细胞的比例,即450ml的采集量,输注时24h平均体内的存活率至少75%。其他还限制了游离血红蛋白的含量,通常不超过红细胞总量的1．0%。特殊需求的红细胞产品又有额外的要求。每单位少白细胞的红细胞的残余白细胞不超过1×10~6。     

Antibodies in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis do not bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from human brain

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) from brains of chickens and rats have recently been purified and characterized (Whiting and Lindstrom, Biochemistry, 25 (1986) 2082-2093; J. Neurosci., 6 (1986) 3061-3069; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84 (1987) 595-599). Using both antisera and monoclonal antibodies prepared to AChRs from rat brain, we have demonstrated the existence of a homologous AChR in human brain. Here we report that antibodies to muscle AChRs in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) do not bind to AChRs from human brain. Similarly, there was no binding of sera from patients with Guillain-Barré, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Additionally, no binding of any of these sera to the alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) binding protein from human brain could be detected. This data is consistent with other data using antibodies to AChRs from muscle and nerve in demonstrating that the AChR in brain is antigenically distinct from the AChR in skeletal muscle AChR, and, together with the lack of central neurological symptoms in MG, suggests that the low concentrations of anti-AChR antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of MG patients do not bind to AChRs in brain.     

激光生物效应及医学应用研究

激光作用于生物体会产生物理、化学或生物学的效应,激光正是通过这些效应达到医学基础研究、诊断和治疗疾病的目的.本文简介了激光与生物组织相互作用所产生的生物效应,概述了激光生物效应在生物学和医学研究中的应用.     

Characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in aplastic anaemia

In aplastic anaemia (AA), haemopoietic activity is significantly reduced and generally attributed to failure of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) within the bone marrow (BM). The regulation of haemopoiesis depends on the interaction between HSC and various cells of the BM microenvironment, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). MSC involvement in the functional restriction of HSC in AA is largely unknown and therefore, the physical and functional properties of AA MSC were studied in vitro. MSC were characterized by their phenotype and ability to form adherent stromal layers. The functional properties of AA MSC were assessed through proliferative, clonogenic and cross‐over culture assays. Results indicate that although AA MSC presented typical morphology and distinctive mesenchymal markers, stromal formation was reduced, with 50% of BM samples failing to produce adherent layers. Furthermore, their proliferative and clonogenic capacity was markedly decreased (P = 0·03 and P = 0·04 respectively) and the ability to sustain haemopoiesis was significantly reduced, as assessed by total cell proliferation (P = 0·032 and P = 0·019 at Week 5 and 6, respectively) and clonogenic potential of HSC (P = 0·02 at Week 6). It was concluded that the biological characteristics of AA MSC are different from those of control MSC and their in vitro haemopoiesis‐supporting ability is significantly reduced.