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排序方式: 共有380条查询结果,搜索用时 682 毫秒
111.
Lamb KJ Lewthwaite JC Lin JP Simon D Kavanagh E Wheeler-Jones CP Pitsillides AA 《International journal of experimental pathology》2003,84(4):191-199
Pancuronium bromide (PB) is used in neonates and pregnant women to induce limp, flaccid paralysis in order to allow mechanical ventilation during intensive care. Such non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs are administered to 0.1% of all human births in the UK. In this study, we examined PB effects on skeletal development in chick embryos. PB treatment produced skeletal deformities associated with significant reduction in longitudinal growth of all appendicular elements. This was associated with greater cartilage to bone ratios, indicating a preferential reduction in osteogenesis. PB also increased the incidence of knee joint flexion and tibiotarsal joint hyperextension. In addition to limb, spinal and craniofacial deformities, flaccid immobility appears to convert the normal geometric pattern of weight gain to a simple arithmetic accretion. This novel study highlights the potentially harmful effects of pharmacologically induced flaccid immobility on chick embryonic skeletal development. Whilst in ovo avian development clearly differs from human, our findings may have implications for the fetus, premature and term neonate receiving such non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. 相似文献
112.
Transgenic mice carrying an integrated subgenomic human hepatitis B virus
(HBV) DNA fragment coding for the viral envelope polypeptides, represent a
model for the study of the mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The
mice develop a progressive liver injury characterized by inflammation,
regenerative hyperplasia and dysplasia terminating in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) at around 18-21 months of age. No alterations in specific
oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in the HCC arising in this transgenic
model have been observed. However, onset of liver tumours is significantly
earlier in mice treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In order to examine more
generally for genetic rearrangements during the natural history of the
disease, DNA multilocus fingerprinting was performed using probes
recognizing mouse minisatellites. Liver tumour samples from HBV transgenic
mice either untreated or treated with AFB1 transplacentally were included
in the study. In a total of 28 tumour samples from HBV transgenic mice
receiving no carcinogen treatment, using three minisatellite probes, no
alterations were detected. The frequency of rearrangements using any one of
the three probes is calculated to be below 0.2%. This result demonstrates
that genetic instability in minisatellite sequences is not a common event
associated with HBV gene expression and liver injury in this model. In 11
liver tumours from mice exposed to AFB1 transplacentally six had
minisatellite alterations (band gains and losses) revealed by at least one
of the three probes used. The frequency of rearrangements was between 1.1%
and 2% depending on the minisatellite probe. These data show that genetic
alterations can be induced by transplacental exposure to AFB1 and suggest
that genetic instability could be important in hepatocarcinogenesis with
combined exposures to AFB1 and HBV.
相似文献
113.
JA Grunt ID Schwartz C Buchanan CP Howard 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(6):631-633
Seven children with significant idiopathic short stature (SISS) whose heights were significantly below the third percentile (SD score for height —2.5 to —3.5) and who had normal levels of growth hormone (GH) were treated with growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH) in a dose of 30 /μg/kg/day. Therapy was discontinued if patients failed to increase their rates of growth by more than 2.0 cm/year over their pre-therapy growth rate. Treatment was discontinued in two of the patients after 12 months but was continued in the other five for 24 months. These data demonstrate that some patients with SISS grow well during the first 2 years of treatment with GH-RH. 相似文献
114.
Severity of lung injury in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice is dependent on reduced prostaglandin E(2) production 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Hodges RJ Jenkins RG Wheeler-Jones CP Copeman DM Bottoms SE Bellingan GJ Nanthakumar CB Laurent GJ Hart SL Foster ML McAnulty RJ 《The American journal of pathology》2004,165(5):1663-1676
Levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a potent inhibitor of fibroblast function, are decreased in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis, which has been shown to be because of limited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). To further investigate the relative importance of COX-2 and PGE(2) in the development of fibrosis we have used a selective COX-2 inhibitor and COX-2-deficient ((-/-) and (+/-)) mice in studies of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We demonstrate in wild-type mice that bleomycin-induced lung PGE(2) production is predominantly COX-2 mediated. Furthermore, COX-2(+/-) mice show limited induction of PGE(2) and an enhanced fibrotic response with increased lung collagen content compared with wild-type mice after bleomycin injury (P < 0.001). In contrast, COX-2(-/-) mice show increased levels of lung PGE(2), compared with wild-type mice after injury (P < 0.05), because of compensatory up-regulation of COX-1, which appears to be associated with macrophage/monocytes but not fibroblasts derived from these mice. COX-2(-/-) mice show an enhanced and persistent inflammatory response to bleomycin, however the fibrotic response to injury was unaltered compared with wild-type animals. These data provide further direct evidence for the importance of up-regulating COX-2 and PGE(2) expression in protecting against the development of fibrosis after lung injury. 相似文献
115.
116.
A P J Parker MRCP A. Agathonikou MD RO Robinson FRCP CP Panayiotopoulos MD PhD FRCP 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1998,40(8):517-519
Carbamazepine and vigabatrin are contraindicated in typical absence seizures. Of 18 consecutive referrals of children with resistant typical absences only, eight were erroneously treated with carbamazepine either as monotherapy or as an add-on. Vigabatrin was also used in the treatment of two children. Frequency of absences increased in four children treated with carbamazepine and two of these developed myoclonic jerks, which resolved on withdrawal of carbamazepine. Absences were aggravated in both cases where vigabatrin was added on to concurrent treatment. Optimal control of the absences was achieved with sodium valproate, lamotrigine, or ethosuximide alone or in combination. 相似文献
117.
118.
A. C. Brooks N. J. Menzies-Gow C. Wheeler-Jones S. R. Bailey F. M. Cunningham J. Elliott 《Inflammation research》2007,56(4):154-161
Objective and design: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endotoxin on p38 MAPK activation in equine platelets and leukocytes
in vivo and in vitro and its role in thromboxane (Tx) production with reference to equine endotoxaemia.
Methods: Six adult Thoroughbred horses were used for in vivo infusion studies and separate in vitro studies. For in vivo studies, following collection of a pre-infusion sample, horses were infused with E. Coli O55:B5 LPS (30 ng/kg; 30 min) during
and after which platelets were harvested. For in vitro studies isolated platelets and leukocytes were exposed to LPS (10 pg/ml–1 μg/ml). p38 MAPK activity was assessed by SDS-PAGE
followed by immunoblotting. TxA2 release was measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results: LPS infusion caused increased phospho-p38 MAPK in equine platelets and leukocytes (1492 ± 486 % and 83 ± 45 above basal, respectively)
from 10 min after the start of the infusion, which returned to basal by 60 min. In vitro, platelets were 1,000 times more sensitive to LPS than leukocytes in terms of both TxA2 production (EC50 66 pg/ml versus 110 ng/ml, respectively) and p38 MAPK phosphorylation (EC50 11.1 ± 2 pg/ml versus 14.8 ± 4 ng/ml, respectively). p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and PD169316 attenuated LPS-induced TxA2 release in platelets, but not leukocytes.
Conclusions: In vivo, LPS stimulates TxA2 production and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in equine platelets and leukocytes at a concentration within a similar range to those
reported in clinical endotoxaemia. These data suggest that LPS-induced eicosanoid production in the early phase of clinical
endotoxaemia may involve direct effects of LPS upon platelets, mediated via activation of p38 MAPK.
Received 15 September 2006; returned for revision 3 November 2006; accepted by M. Parnham 7 November 2006 相似文献
119.
Relationship between Myopia and Optical Components - A Study among Chinese Hong Kong Student Population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peng Iob Lo Patrick CP Ho Joseph TF Lau Albert YK Cheung Ernst Goldschmidt Mark OM Tso 《眼科学报》1996,(3)
Purpose: To establish the prevalence and severity of myopia among the Chinese Hong Kong students and to study the relationship between myopia and optical components.Methods;One thousand and seventy-five freshmen of the 1993-1994 academic year in the Chinese University of Hong Kong underwent the eye examination including evaluation of refractive error, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonic biometry. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/PC 4. 01 statistical package. Results: The prevalence of myopia was 91. 7% with the mean refraction being -4. 00 ± 2. 64D in this young adult population. The statistical analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between refractive value and axial length of the globe (r=-0. 78), vitreous length (r=-0. 76), anterior chamber depth (r=-0. 33), lens thickness (r = 0. 13) and corneal curvature (r = 0. 19). Conclusion: The refractive status is mainly dependent on the axial length. In general, the higher the myopia was, the longer the eyeball, the deeper the anterior chamber, 相似文献
120.