急性肺动脉栓塞29例临床分析

目的对急性肺栓塞进行临床分析,探讨急性肺栓塞的危险因素、临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法对2006年1月～2011年1月诊断为PE的29例患者的危险因素、临床表现、辅助检查及治疗情况进行分析。结果 PE缺乏特异性临床表现,但临床症状和体征能提供重要线索。心电图,超声心动图,X线胸片,动脉血气分析,双下肢深静脉血管超声、CT肺动脉造影,均能为PE早期诊断提供相对特征性改变,早期溶栓和抗凝治疗可有效降低病死率,改善预后。结论提高PE的早期诊断率,尽早溶栓和抗凝治疗是治疗成功、改善预后的关键。     

Epidemiological and morbidity assessment of Schistosoma japonicum infection in a migrant fisherman community, the Dongting Lake region, China

We assessed the epidemiology and morbidity related to Schistosoma japonicum infection by both parasitological (Kato-Katz method and miracidium hatching test) and ultrasound examination in a migrant fisherman community (n = 106) from the Dongting Lake region in China in 2001. A prevalence of 69.8% and a mean infection intensity of 66.5 eggs per gram (epg) were recorded for this group. Males had a higher level of infection (77%) and intensity (92.2 epg) compared with females (58% and 28.6 epg, respectively). Subjects aged 11-20 years had the highest prevalence of infection (91%) and the heaviest infection intensity (85.3 epg) among all age groups. Twenty-six percent of the subjects had not been treated previously for schistosomiasis. Parenchymal fibrosis (> or = stage II) detected by ultrasound and spleen enlargement (or splenectomy) occurred in 37% and 9% of subjects, respectively. Portal vein dilation was detected in 18% subjects, and 58% (11/19) of those patients with portal vein enlargement were shown to have parenchymal fibrosis (> or = stage II). These results indicate that S. japonicum infection and related morbidity in mobile fisherman is still unacceptably high despite the fact that China has implemented a Schistosomiasis Control Project financed by a World Bank Loan for a period of 8 years since 1992. Clearly, new approaches for schistosomiasis control, especially in communities like these mobile fishermen, should be explored.     

军队鼠害综合防治技术规范的制定

通过查阅分析相关文献、现场调研、征求专家意见及会议审定研究制定军队标准《军队鼠害综合防治技术规范》。该标准规范了军队鼠害综合治理,为依法开展鼠害防治工作提供技术支持。     

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Penetration Performance of a Shaped Charge

In guided ammunition, because a shaped energy jet warhead is located behind the control cabin (including the guidance cabin, the steering gear cabin, and the flight control cabin), the penetration order of a shaped energy jet is the control cabin and the target plate. In order to obtain maximum penetration depth by a shaped energy jet into a Q235 steel plate, the penetration performance of shaped energy jets was studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. Firstly, the penetration performance of a warhead under different conditions at a certain explosion height is studied, which is the penetration performance of a Q235 steel plate with and without the control cabin. Secondly, the numerical simulation results are verified by experimental method. The numerical simulation and experimental results showed that, after penetration of the shaped energy jet warhead into the control cabin, it continued to penetrate the 20 mm-thick Q235 steel plate. At a certain explosion height, the maximum penetration depth of the shaped energy jet warhead into the Q235 steel plate was about 80 mm. Alongside the numerical simulation and experiment, the armor-breaking process of the shaped charge jet was analyzed theoretically. The results show that when the shaped energy jet warhead is located behind the control cabin, although the control cabin will have a certain impact on the penetration ability of shaped energy jet, the penetration performance of the residual jet still has the ability to penetrate light armor.     

睡眠剥夺对精神-运动操作功能的影响

目的：探讨５６ｈ睡眠剥夺对精神－运动操作功能的影响。了解长时间连续睡眠剥夺中的认知功能下降程度,为制定预防措施提供科学依据。方法：选择２０名健康男性青年,采用韦氏成人智力检测的数字符号和成人神经心理检验的手指叩击测验、手指辩认和指尖认字进行测验。结果：对照组无睡眠剥夺下,经过学习迁移作用。实验２４ｈ和实验５６ｈ对数字符号后反速度以及５６ｈ右手手指叩击速度均明显加快（Ｐ〈０．０１）;实验组因睡眠剥夺     

Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Ultimate-Strength Heterogeneity on Crack Propagation and Fracture Toughness in Welded Joints

The mechanical properties of dissimilar metal-welded joint materials are heterogeneous, which is an obstacle to the safety evaluation of key welded structures. The variation of stress–strain conditions at the crack tip caused by mismatch of material mechanical properties in dissimilar metal-welded joints is an important factor affecting crack propagation behavior. To understand the influence of uneven distribution of ultimate strength of the base metal and the welded metal on the crack propagation path, fracture toughness, as well as the mechanical field at the crack tip in the small-scale yield range, the user-defined field variable subroutine method is used to express continuous variation characteristics of welded joint ultimate strength in finite element software. In addition, the J-integral during crack propagation is calculated, and the effect of the ultimate strength on the J-integral and the stress field at the crack tip are analyzed. The results show that as the crack propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of ultimate strength, the gradient of ultimate strength increases from |G_y|= 50 to |G_y|= 100 MPa/mm, the crack deflection angle increases by 0.018%, and the crack length increases by 1.46%. The fracture toughness of the material decreased slightly during crack propagation. Under the condition that the crack propagation direction is the same as the direction of ultimate strength, the crack propagation path is a straight line. As the gradient of ultimate strength increases from G_x = 50 to G_x = 100 MPa/mm, the crack propagation length decreases by 5.17%, and the slope of fracture toughness curve increases by 51.63%. On the contrary, as the crack propagates to the low ultimate strength side, the crack propagation resistance decreases, the ultimate strength gradient increases from G_x = −100 to G_x = −50 MPa/mm, and the slope of the fracture toughness curve decreases by 51.01%. It is suggested to consider the relationship between crack growth behavior and ultimate strength when designing and evaluating the structural integrity of cracks at the material interface of dissimilar metal-welded joints.     

杭州旅游地卫生监督与管理的探讨

本文叙述世界著名风景旅游城市--杭州近年来所采取的卫生监督与管理措施,以期创造整洁优美的旅游环境,迎接海内外宾客.其卫生监督管理的主要内容包括:创建卫生城市、改善环境设施、加强饮食卫生、开展疾病监测、强化急救康复、树立文明窗口等.上述措施的落实,保障了旅行者的健康与安全,也为国际旅行卫生保健提供了有益的经验.相信各旅游地切实加强卫生监督与管理,定能促进旅游事业的发展.     

密闭环境挥发性有机物行为特性分析

目的：研究居住型密闭环境内挥发性有机物（简称：ＶＯＣ）的环境行为特征,以了解其污染状况。方法：４名成年健康男性志愿者（简称：受试者）在６０ｍ６３居住型密闭环境内生活５昼夜。采集受试者进入密闭环境前一天上午的汗液（简称：Ｓ１）和离开密闭环境当天上午的汗液。５昼夜实验期间,每天上午采集环境空气和受试者２４ｈ内的尿液及粪便。     

克矽平对矽肺大鼠Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA水平的影响

克矽平（Ｐｏｌｙｖｉｎｙｌｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅ－Ｎ－ｏｘｉｄｅ，ＰＶＮＯ）是一种较为有效的抗矽肺药物。作者采用编码人Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原α１（Ⅰ）及α１（Ⅲ）链的ｃＤＮＡ探针，使用ｃＤＮＡ－ｍＲＮＡ斑点杂交技术，观察了染尘２个月、４个月及经克矽平治疗１、３个月的矽肺大鼠肺组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原ｍＲＮＡ水平的改变情况。实验结果表明：大鼠染尘后２、４个月，肺组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原ｍＲＮＡ水平较正常鼠肺组织有明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０５），经克矽平治疗后，Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的ｍＲＮＡ水平显著下降。提示：克矽平对矽肺进程中胶原基因表达的增强有抑制作用。     

彩色多谱勒超声诊断胎盘早剥的价值

目的探讨彩色多谱勒超声(color doppler ultrasound,CDU)诊断胎盘早剥的价值和超声声像图特征。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2014年6月南充市中心医院42例胎盘早剥住院患者的超声表现,并对其漏诊、误诊原因进行分析总结。结果 42例胎盘早剥患者中,产前超声诊断26例,诊断符合率61.9%,漏诊12例(28.6%),误诊4例(9.5%)。结论彩色多谱勒超声检查具有无创、安全、快捷等临床优势,是诊断胎盘早剥最重要的辅助检查手段。