Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: Update on diagnosis and therapy

With an estimated incidence of only 1-2 cases in every 1 million people, hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare vascular endothelial cell tumor occurring in the liver and consisting of epithelioid and histiocyte-like vascular endothelial cells in mucus or a fibrotic matrix. HEHE is characterized as a low-to-moderate grade malignant tumor and is classified into three types: solitary, multiple, and diffuse. Both the etiology and characteristic clinical manifestations of HEHE are unclear. However, HEHE has a characteristic appearance on imaging including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Still, its diagnosis depends mainly on pathological findings, with immunohistochemical detection of endothelial markers cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), CD34, CD10, vimentin, and factor VIII antigen as the basis of diagnosis. Hepatectomy and/or liver transplantation are the first choice for treatment, but various chemotherapeutic drugs are reportedly effective, providing a promising treatment option. In this review, we summarize the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment of HEHE, which provides future perspectives for the clinical management of HEHE.     

针刀松解联合丹参注射液关节腔注射治疗骨性关节炎模型兔

文题释义： 针刀疗法：用一个完整的语言来概括应该是一种介于手术方法和非手术疗法之间的闭合性松解术。针刀疗法是将东方中医学的基本理论和西方医学的手术解剖基本理论融为一体，针刀疗法其操作的特点是在治疗部位刺入深部到病变处进行轻松的切割、剥离等不同的刺激，以达到止痛祛病的目的。 丹参注射液：其化学成分主要是水溶性酚酸类化合物，通过多种靶标起到促进血液循环和祛瘀的作用。动物研究表明，丹参注射液可通过抑制IκBα磷酸化来抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活。保护软骨下骨及软骨细胞，有效防治骨关节炎。 背景：丹参注射液与针刀松解术都是临床中治疗骨关节炎很常用的技术，目前缺乏对2种治疗方法联合使用的研究。 目的：对比单独使用针刀松解术、单独使用丹参注射液与两种方法联合使用治疗兔模型骨关节炎的效果。 方法：实验方案经黑龙江中医药大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。50只新西兰白兔分为5组：空白对照组；模型组；丹参注射液组；针刀组；针刀联合丹参注射液组。除空白对照组外，其他4组兔均制备膝关节骨关节炎模型。造模成功后，对针刀组兔内外侧支持带、内外侧膝眼，膝关节上方髌上囊、股四头肌各肌肌腹，膝关节内侧股薄肌肌腹及止点、收肌肌群肌腹及止点和胫骨平台附近部位进行针刀松解；空白对照组及模型组兔关节腔注射生理盐水0.3 mL；丹参注射液组兔关节腔每次注射0.3 mL丹参注射液；针刀联合丹参注射液组：每周进行1次针刀治疗同针刀组，每次针刀干预之后，关节腔注0.3 mL丹参注射液。上述干预每周1次，持续5周。对各组兔膝关节软骨进行大体观察及病理切片组织学观察，ELISA 检测关节液白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平。 结果与结论：①大体观察：模型组膝关节磨损较为严重，针刀组、丹参注射液组、针刀联合丹参注射液组膝关节轻度磨损；②病理切片评分：丹参注射液组评分略高于针刀组和针刀联合丹参注射液组差异无显著性意义；③ELISA 检测结果：针刀联合丹参注射液组白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平显著低于或针刀组或丹参注射液组(P < 0.05)；④结果说明，在兔膝关节骨关节炎模型中降低白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平方面，针刀松解术结合丹参注射液关节腔注射治优于单独使用针刀或单独使用丹参注射液关节腔注射。ORCID: 0000-0003-4119-633X(刘广宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     

Effect of Al–5Ti–C Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al–20%Si Alloy

Al–5Ti–C master alloy was prepared and used to modify hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy with Al–5Ti–C master alloy additions (0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 wt%) were investigated. The results show that, Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) can significantly refine both eutectic and primary Si of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The morphology of the primary Si crystals was significantly refined from a coarse polygonal and star-like shape to a fine polyhedral shape and the grain size of the primary Si was refined from roughly 90–120 μm to 20–50 μm. The eutectic Si phases were modified from a coarse platelet-like/needle-like structure to a fine fibrous structure with discrete particles. The Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 30 min) still has a good refinement effect. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (El) and Brinell hardness (HB) of Al–20%Si alloy modified by the Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) increased by roughly 65%, 70% and 51%, respectively, due to decreasing the size and changing the morphology on the primary and eutectic Si crystals. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.     

肺癌患者肺组织微生物多样性及丰度变化研究

目的 分析肺癌患者不同形态肺部微生物组学特征.方法 收集2019年该院收治的19例肺癌行肺癌切除术患者的肺组织(分别为距癌变1 cm处的组织及相对癌变部位远离的组织),进一步分离标本,DNA提取及通过Illumina平台采用16S rDNA高通量测序的方法,检测肺癌患者肺组织的微生物组学特征;并使用Metastats两两比较和Lefse判别分析等统计学方法比较不同组别的微生物多样性和差异性.结果 肺癌患者肺部微生物多样性分析结果显示,属水平主要包括苍白杆菌属(19.4％)、沉积物杆状菌属(11.3％)、不动杆菌属(6.6％)等;A1组(距离癌变1 cm处的组织)和B1组(远离癌变部位的组织)在分类群(Top>20)中主要包括苍白杆菌属、沉积物杆状菌属、不动细菌属、贪铜菌属、拟无枝酸菌等,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A2组(小细胞癌肺组织)和B2组(非小细胞癌肺组织)物种多样性分析两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),物种差异性分析显示,A2组中物种丰度相对较高的为叶杆菌属,而在B2组内丰度相对较高的物种分别为假单胞菌、嗜热油菌纲、绿弯菌门、绿弯菌目、绿弯菌科、弧菌目、假交替单胞菌科、假交替单胞菌属、绿线菌属.结论 肺癌患者肺组织不同部位的微生物多样性并无明显差异,小细胞癌和非小细胞癌微生物的多样性并无明显差异,但非小细胞癌肺部存在更多的优势菌落.     

Salidroside protects PC12 cells from MPP-induced apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., can exert potent antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects, and the possible mechanism of action, of SAL against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cell damage in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with SAL significantly reduced the ability of MPP⁺ to induce apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner. SAL significantly and dose-dependently inhibited MPP⁺-induced chromatin condensation and MPP⁺-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase by PC12 cells. SAL enhanced Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells, and the protective effects of SAL against MPP⁺-induced apoptosis were abolished by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation. These findings suggest that SAL prevents MPP⁺-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, at least in part through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

基于化学计量学的麸炒枳实与烫枳实比较研究

目的 利用指纹图谱与化学计量学进行麸炒枳实和烫枳实的质量评价及比较研究，为临床选择使用枳实2种饮片提供部分科学依据。方法 依据中国药典2020年版和《北京市中药饮片炮制规范》（2008年版）炮制麸炒枳实与烫枳实2种饮片，采用超高效液相色谱法分别建立2种饮片的指纹图谱，采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件进行相似度分析，利用化学计量学进行2种饮片指纹图谱中14个共有成分及辛弗林的比较研究，并对2种饮片中已指认的9个成分进行定量分析与比较。结果 麸炒枳实和烫枳实与各自对照指纹图谱相似度>0.9，同一批次麸炒枳实与烫枳实相似度>0.9。与对照品比对指认出芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、野漆树苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮素、川陈皮素8个共有峰。聚类分析结果显示2种饮片无明显聚类。PCA分析显示麸炒枳实与烫枳实不能完全区分为2类。VIP法筛选出对区分麸炒枳实和烫枳实影响较大的7个成分，分别是柚皮素、柚皮苷、野漆树苷、X8、橙皮素、川陈皮素、X1。定量分析结果显示，与麸炒枳实组比较，烫枳实组中柚皮苷含量较低，野漆树苷、柚皮素含量较高，且有显著性差异。结论 本研究建立了麸炒枳实与烫枳实的定量指纹图谱及黄酮类多成分含量测定的质量评价方法，研究结果可为临床选择使用枳实2种饮片提供部分科学依据。     

智能手机的运动量干预软件的研制

目的 研制了一款基于智能手机的运动管理软件,对佩戴者进行运动量的行为干预.方法 采用android系统的手机,通过调用智能手机自带的加速度传感器来识别运动状态,进行佩戴者的活动量检测,同时将运动信息上传健康管理中心.结果 实现了系统功能,通过健康管理中心的信息反馈提示对佩戴者开展行为学干预,指导佩戴者科学安全地进行身体锻炼,达到最有效最合适的锻炼效果.结论 基于手机智能平台的行为干预可作为行为治疗的一种新手段.     

Inference of dynamic systems from noisy and sparse data via manifold-constrained Gaussian processes

Parameter estimation for nonlinear dynamic system models, represented by ordinary differential equations (ODEs), using noisy and sparse data, is a vital task in many fields. We propose a fast and accurate method, manifold-constrained Gaussian process inference (MAGI), for this task. MAGI uses a Gaussian process model over time series data, explicitly conditioned on the manifold constraint that derivatives of the Gaussian process must satisfy the ODE system. By doing so, we completely bypass the need for numerical integration and achieve substantial savings in computational time. MAGI is also suitable for inference with unobserved system components, which often occur in real experiments. MAGI is distinct from existing approaches as we provide a principled statistical construction under a Bayesian framework, which incorporates the ODE system through the manifold constraint. We demonstrate the accuracy and speed of MAGI using realistic examples based on physical experiments.

Dynamic systems, represented as a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), are commonly used to model behaviors in scientific domains, such as gene regulation (1), biological rhythms (2), spread of disease (3), ecology (4), etc. We focus on models specified by a set of ODEsx˙(t)=dx(t)dt=f(x(t),θ,t), t∈[0,T],[1]where the vector x(t) contains the system outputs that evolve over time t and θ is the vector of model parameters to be estimated from experimental/observational data. When f is nonlinear, solving x(t) given initial conditions x(0) and θ generally requires a numerical integration method, such as Runge–Kutta.Historically, ODEs have mainly been used for conceptual or theoretical understanding rather than data fitting as experimental data were limited. Advances in experimental and data collection techniques have increased the capacity to follow dynamic systems closer to real time. Such data will generally be recorded at discrete times and subject to measurement error. Thus, we assume that we observe y(τ)=x(τ)+ϵ(τ) at a set of observation time points τ with error ϵ governed by noise level σ. Our focus here is inference of θ given y(τ), with emphasis on nonlinear f where specialized methods that exploit a linear structure (e.g., refs. 5 and 6), are not generally applicable. We shall present a coherent, statistically principled framework for dynamic system inference with the help of Gaussian processes (GPs). The key to our method is to restrict the GPs on a manifold that satisfies the ODE system: Thus, we name our method MAGI (manifold-constrained Gaussian process inference). Placing a GP on x(t) facilitates inference of θ without numerical integration, and our explicit manifold constraint is the key idea that addresses the conceptual incompatibility between the GP and the specification of the ODE model, as we shall discuss shortly when overviewing our method. We show that the resulting parameter inference is computationally efficient, statistically principled, and effective in a variety of practical scenarios. MAGI particularly works in the cases when some system component(s) is/are unobserved. To the best of our knowledge, none of the current available software packages that do not use numerical integration can analyze systems with unobserved component(s).