性别异常的染色体组型分析

为了进一步探讨性别异常发生的机制及染色体组型与表型性别的相关性 ,对 33例性别异常病人的染色体组型和临床资料进行分析。结果表明 :46XY男性假两性畸形占 5 7 5 7% ,46XX女性假两性畸形为 18 18% ,真两性畸形的组型有12 12 % ,其他组型为 12 12 %。含Y染色体组型的病人 88 8%可以找到睾丸 ,但 73 6 8%的病人表现为女性社会性别。性染色体与社会性别的相符率为 42 82 %。还发现 2例男性假两性畸形其性染色体正常 ,但常染色体分别为臂间倒位及 13和 14号染色体间的易位时 ,也可以导致性别异常。结论 :性染色体决定着性腺分化的方向 ,但成熟的性腺和正常的性别发育还需除性染色体之外的多条染色体、多个基因的参与。     

云南省金平县蚊虫及其与流行性乙型脑炎病毒关系的调查

1990年8月在金平县捕获成蚊4属18种5654只,其中库蚊9种、按蚊7种、伊蚊1种、阿蚊1种。中华按蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊和三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种。该县人群血清中乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性率为21.33％(16/75)。三带喙库蚊和伪杂鳞库蚊可能是当地乙型脑炎病毒的传播媒介。     

结核免疫水平监测方法的对比研究

目的　进一步证实 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 实验在监测结核免疫力中的应用价值。方法　用卡介苗接种８７９名儿童,１２ 周后进行 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 试验并查验卡痕反应,计算评价筛选试验的指标。结果　卡痕试验的敏感度、特异度、正确指数均低,而误诊率、漏诊率均高。结论　 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 实验是目前尚未开展人体内测定结核免疫力前唯一有效的监测结核免疫力的方法。     

Establishment of the culture technique of pulmonary vascular pericytes and its identification in rats

Summary In order to study the cellular origin of muscularization in non-muscular arterioles of the lung, the pulmonary vascular pericytes-culture was established. The terminal lung tissue of the rat was taken out and minced. Then 0.5 % of type IV collagenase solution was added for digestion and the microvascular segments were obtained by screening. The targeted cells were cultured by “selective conditioned media”. Under phase-contrast microscope, the cultured cells were large in size with ragged margin and numerous pseudopodia, which imparted tubule-like structure. There was no contact inhibition in growing cells, so multiple layers developed. When they were confluent, there were morphologically no “hillock and dale” growth pattern as in smooth muscle cells or “weave-like” pattern as in fibroblasts. The ultrastructure of cultured cells showed numerous digital processes, moderate amount of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rich Golgi’s apparatus, microfilaments, few lysosomes without myofilaments and dense bodies. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cultured pericytes had same kind of cellular skeletal protein, α-SM-actin, like smooth muscle cells. The cultured cells also exhibited positive reaction to CD₃₄ antigen and S-100 antigen, which were negative in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The cell growth pattern, ultrastructure and immunological phenotype suggested that the cultured cells had characteristics of vascular pericytes. Pericytes are one of the components of microvascular cells, and the establishment ofin vitro culture technique of pericytes is of significance for further exploration of the muscularization of non-muscular arterioles in lung and the mechanism of structural remodeling of pulmonary vessels. This project was supported by the grant of National Nature Sciences Foundation of China (No. 39570289).     

硝酸甘油与美托洛尔预防气管插管所致循环副作用的比较

①目的　比较硝酸甘油与美托洛尔在麻醉诱导中对心率、血压和左室射血功能的影响。②方法　２４例病人随机分为３ 组,每组８ 例。麻醉诱导均选用芬太尼、硫喷妥钠和琥珀酰胆碱。于静脉诱导后分别静注美托洛尔、硝酸甘油和生理盐水,监测气管插管时平均动脉压（ Ｍ Ａ Ｐ）、心率（ Ｈ Ｒ）和每搏量（ Ｓ Ｖ）变化。③结果　插管后美托洛尔组 Ｍ Ａ Ｐ低于对照组, Ｈ Ｒ 低于对照组及硝酸甘油组, Ｓ Ｖ 高于硝酸甘油组,差异均有显著性（ Ｆ＝ ４．０７～５．９６,ｑ＝ ３．４４～４．４９, Ｐ 均＜ ０．０５）。④结论　美托洛尔与硝酸甘油皆可预防气管插管所致的循环副作用,但美托洛尔作用优于硝酸甘油。     

云南省盈江县蚊虫调查及乙型脑炎病毒分离

1984年及1989年7～8月,在盈江县捕获成年雌性蚊虫7属32种632O只,霜背库蚊、三带喙库蚊和棕头库蚊是农村畜圈的主要蚊种,伪白纹伊蚊和白纹伊蚊是野外竹林区的优势蚊种。对所获蚊虫用C6/36细胞和小白鼠方法分离病毒,从三带喙库蚊和窄翅伊蚊中各分离到1株乙型脑炎病毒。分析认为三带喙库蚊是当地乙型脑淡病毒的主要传播媒介,窄翅伊蚊亦可参与该病毒的传播。     

联合内分泌治疗对前列腺和睾丸的影响

目的 探讨抑那通和缓退瘤联合治疗对正常前列腺,增生的前列腺（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌以及睾丸的作用。方法 对１６例接受联合内分泌治疗至少３个月且有治疗前后病理资料的前列腺癌患者的标本进行了系统的病理学检查。对内分泌治疗后的睾丸标本与同龄未接受治疗的进行对照研究。结果 １４例内分泌治疗后的前列腺标本２例未见残存癌灶,９例对治疗有明显的反应;３例对治疗反应差,治疗并未降低前列腺癌的病理分期。３例内分泌治疗后     

44例医院内深部白色念珠菌感染危险因素分析

目的　探讨住院患者并发深部白色念珠菌感染的危险因素。方法　通过回顾性调查对１９９５年１ 月～１９９７ 年１２ 月发生的４４ 例深部白色念珠菌感染患者的危险因素进行分析。结果　发生医院内部白色念珠菌感染多系慢性呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和血液病患者,占５９－０９ ％ ;感染与住院时间成正比;广谱抗生素大剂量、长时间应用,特别是选择广谱、杀菌力强的第三代头狍菌素类是致感染的主要因素;白色念珠菌感染是多种危险因素综合作用的结果,感染者使用激素的占４０－９１ ％ ,使用免疫抑制剂及放疗化疗的占１１－３６％ ,实施插入性操作及各种介入性治疗为感染创造了条件。结论　强调合理使用抗生素,严格控制免疫抑制剂的应用,合理掌握放疗化疗及各种诊疗技术,提高机体免疫力,是预防深部白色念珠菌感染的重要措施     

颈总动脉形态及血流动力学改变与脑梗死类型的关系

目的研究颈总动脉形态及血流动力学改变与脑梗死类型的关系。方法应用经颅彩色双功能多普勒超声检查法．测定40例脑穿通支动脉梗死、31例脑主干支动脉校死和30例正常对照者的颈总动脉管径及有或无粥样斑块等反映血管形态和收缩峰速、每分钟血流量、阻力指数等血流动力学指标。结果结果表明当颈总动脉出现粥样斑块,而无明显血流动力学改变时,易发生穿通支脑梗死;随着血流动力学,尤其是血流收缩峰速度和阻力指数等指标的异常程度加重,发生脑主干动脉梗死的危险性增大。结论颈总动脉形态及血流动力学改变与患者发生脑梗死类型密切相关。