Comparison of lifestyle behaviors and related factors between Asian American and white adults with prediabetes

This study compares lifestyle behaviors and related factors between Asian American and white adults with self‐reported prediabetes and identifies covariates/predictors for regular physical activity and adequate intake of fruits/vegetables. Using data from the United States of America Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 302 Asian Americans and 9558 white adults were analyzed. There were no significant differences for participating in regular physical activity or consumption of adequate fruits/vegetables between the two groups. Overall, 40% of the respondents engaged in regular physical activity, whereas less than 25% reported an adequate intake of fruits/vegetables. In the adjusted models, compared to white, Asian Americans were less likely to have impaired physical (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36 0.80) or mental health (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.61), or cardiovascular diseases (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.87). The covariates/predictors that relate to the behaviors differed between the groups. We conclude that interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating for Asian American and white adults with prediabetes should address the different covariates/predictors for each group.     

Psychometric testing of the Depressive Cognition Scale in Korean adults

This study translated the Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) from English into Korean and tested the reliability and validity of the scale. Data were from a convenient sample of 795 community-dwelling Korean adults with a self-administered questionnaire. With regard to the reliability estimate, the internal consistency of the Korean version of the DCS (K-DCS) was acceptable, where the Chronbach's alpha is .93 and the average item-to-total correlation r = .760. With regard to the validity estimate, the mean scores of the K-DCS were significantly different according to gender, age, and marital status. A single factor was extracted that accounted for 67.37% of the total variance. The average score of the K-DCS also correlated significantly with the subscales of the Korean version of the Profile of the Mood States Brief Form. These findings suggest that the K-DCS can be used as a reliable and valid measure of depressive cognition among Korean adults.     

Expression and Activity of the Na-K ATPase in Ischemic Injury of Primary Cultured Astrocytes

Astrocytes are reported to have critical functions in ischemic brain injury including protective effects against ischemia-induced neuronal dysfunction. Na-K ATPase maintains ionic gradients in astrocytes and is suggested as an indicator of ischemic injury in glial cells. Here, we examined the role of the Na-K ATPase in the pathologic process of ischemic injury of primary cultured astrocytes. Chemical ischemia was induced by sodium azide and glucose deprivation. Lactate dehydrogenase assays showed that the cytotoxic effect of chemical ischemia on astrocytes began to appear at 2 h of ischemia. The expression of Na-K ATPase α1 subunit protein was increased at 2 h of chemical ischemia and was decreased at 6 h of ischemia, whereas the expression of α1 subunit mRNA was not changed by chemical ischemia. Na-K ATPase activity was time-dependently decreased at 1, 3, and 6 h of chemical ischemia, whereas the enzyme activity was temporarily recovered to the control value at 2 h of chemical ischemia. Cytotoxicity at 2 h of chemical ischemia was significantly blocked by reoxygenation for 24 h following ischemia. Reoxygenation following chemical ischemia for 1 h significantly increased the activity of the Na-K ATPase, while reoxygenation following ischemia for 2 h slightly decreased the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the critical time for ischemia-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes might be 2 h after the initiation of ischemic insult and that the increase in the expression and activity of the Na-K ATPase might play a protective role during ischemic injury of astrocytes.     

研究生时间管理倾向、个人奋斗与生活满意度的关系

目的探讨研究生时间管理倾向、个人奋斗与生活满意度之间的关系。方法以219名硕士研究生作为被试,采用问卷调查法和访谈法进行研究。结果①研究生重视自己的个人奋斗,但生活满意度较低(x-±s=3.85±0.32);②个人奋斗与时间管理倾向相关显著(r=0.170~0.383),个人奋斗对时间管理倾向有一定预测作用,解释变异量达到17.0%。;个人奋斗与生活满意度相关显著(r=0.154~0.295),并对其有预测作用,解释变异量达到12.3%;时间管理倾向也对生活满意度有一定预测作用,解释量达到13.4%。结论研究生的时间管理倾向、个人奋斗与其生活满意度显著相关。那些以往成就经验较多,时间效能感较强的个体拥有较高的生活满意度。     

Delayed pseudoaneurysm formation of the carotid artery following the oral cavity injury in a child: A case report

BACKGROUNDAn impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children. In most cases, it is not accompanied by sequelae, but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury, they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues. Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management, residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases. CASE SUMMARYA 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury. However, the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intra-oral bleeding, and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography, emergency surgery was performed. A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation, and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSIONThe failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.