Inhaltsstoffe und Pharmakologie der Okoubaka aubrevillei-Rinde

From the stembark of OKOUBAKA AUBREVILLEI (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epicatechingallate, (-)-epigallocatechingallate, gallic and protocatechuic acid have been isolated. The antimicrobial and immunostimulating activity of the drug extract were assigned to the phenolic compounds.     

Functional anatomy of the knee joint

Detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the knee joint's anatomy is an essential prerequisite for understanding of the joint's function and its pathophysiology, for precise diagnosis, and for satisfactory treatment of lesions of the joint capsule and ligaments. Thus, anatomy represents "the key to the knee".     

Dosage intervals based on mean residence times

It is shown that a suitable dosage interval, tau, can be estimated by a factor times the sum of the mean residence time (MRT) of the central compartment (MRTC) and the MRT of the absorption site (MRTA). This value of tau will provide a ratio, maximum steady-state plasma concentration: minimum steady-state plasma concentration, which averages approximately 2, such that the percent variation of the steady-state drug concentration is +/- 33%. It is shown that this approach produces vastly improved steady-state concentrations compared with those obtained when the tau value is chosen as equal to the apparent elimination half-life, which, classically, has been the approach usually used. When the drug is administered intravenously, the MRT of the absorption site in the above relationship is equal to zero. Suitable values of the "factor" in the above relationship were found to be 0.75 for the two-compartment open models with bolus iv administration, unity for the one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination, and 1.35 for the classical two-compartment open model with first-order absorption.     

Increased sensitivity of mice to tremorogenic agents following MPP+

The behavioral effects following intrastriatal MPP⁺, the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, were evaluated in mice. Bilateral injections of 10 cro;g MPP⁺ to mice previously trained in the shuttle box paradigm produced a 66% decrease in striatal dopamine and significant deficits in all measures of conditioned avoidance responding. In addition, although these mice showed no deficits in baseline rotorod performance, challenge with the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine revealed that MPP⁺-treated mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to the disruptive effects of the drug at each dose and time point. Finally, MPP⁺-treated mice also exhibited an increase in tremor induced by 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg oxotremorine. These observations are discussed in reference to idiopathic parkinsonism.     

Synthesis of N-alpha-(arylsulfonylglycyl)amidinophenylalanine amides as highly active inhibitors of thrombin

The headline compounds were prepared from purified cyanophenylalanines after presenting arylsulfonylglycyl residues, activation of the carboxyl group by formation of the p- nitrophenylester followed by aminolysis and transfer of a cyano in an amidine function. Besides some esters and an acid were synthetized with the basic structure mentioned in the headline . The p-compounds with a cycloaliphatic amide component proved as "tight binding inhibitors". The greatest antithrombin effect shows N alpha-(2- naphthylsulphonylglycyl )-4- amidinophenylalaninpiperidi d with a Ki-value of 6 X 10(-9) mol/l using S-2238 as a substrate.     

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with Inquilinus infection in cystic fibrosis

BackgroundMolecular diagnostics have led to the identification of a broad range of bacterial species in cystic fibrosis (CF) including Inquilinus. The clinical significance of Inquilinus in CF has not been thoroughly characterized.MethodsRetrospective, case-control study of persons with CF from two CF centers with at least one respiratory culture positive for Inquilinus spp. compared with age-matched CF controls with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1) and body mass index percentile (BMI) were modeled from time of first positive culture up to 5 years later. Rates of pulmonary exacerbations were compared. Inquilinus isolates were genotyped to evaluate strain diversity.ResultsSeventeen patients with Inquilinus infection were identified with a mean age of 13 years at first positive culture. Most cases had multiple cultures positive for Inquilinus. ppFEV1 was not different between cases versus controls (80.2% vs 81.6%, p = 0.97 at baseline, 67.5% vs. 73.3%, p = 0.82 at 5 years). Patients were undernourished and BMI percentiles did not differ between groups (30.7% vs 43.4%, p = 0.32 at baseline, 37.9% vs. 37.6%, p = 0.98 at 5 years). There was no difference in the pulmonary exacerbation rate (3.0/year vs 2.5/year, p = 0.34). Genotyping showed diverse genetic strains between patients.ConclusionsInquilinus can present in childhood and is often associated with chronic infection in CF. Lung function and nutrition status at time of detection, lung function decline, and pulmonary exacerbation rates in Inquilinus cases were similar to those with chronic P. aeruginosa, a well-established CF pathogen.     

Acceptability and Feasibility of Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Men Who Have Sex with Men

Syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased greatly in the past twenty years in the U.S. Geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA), in which behaviors are geotagged and contextualized in time and space, may contribute to a greater understanding of transmission risk. The objective was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of GEMA for assessing HIV and syphilis transmission risk behaviors among a sample of MSM. Participants responded to a brief survey five times a day for two weeks. Feasibility was measured by participant recruitment, enrollment, prompts received and answered, geotagged prompts, and technical interference with data collection. Acceptability was measured by ratings of enjoyment and willingness for future participation. Summaries of five behavioral measures from the brief survey were calculated. Among the 83 participants contacted, 67.5% (56) expressed interest, 98% (55) were scheduled, and 81.8% (45) were enrolled. Participants answered 78.3% (2,277) of prompts received and 87.7% (1,998) of answered prompts were geotagged. Overall, 70.5% (31) enjoyed participating and 91.1% (41) were willing to participate in the future. Among prompts answered, missingness was low for five behavioral measures (range 0.2% (4) to 0.7% (16)). Feasibility and acceptability were high and missingness was low on behavioral measures in this MSM study population. Most participants reported that they would participate again. Future work should focus on whether GEMA improves our understanding of syphilis and HIV transmission risk.

     

Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Class Analysis of Middle-Aged and Older US Adults

Journal of Community Health - It is important to distinguish between apprehensions that lead to vaccine rejection and those that do not. In this study, we (1) identifed latent classes of...