Recurrent posterior dislocation following primary posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

In our series of 136 patients with primary total knee arthroplasty using posterior-stabilized prosthesis, a female patient with Parkinson disease developed posterior dislocation of the knee 9 months after surgery. Eventually, the dislocation became recurrent, occurring several times a day. The patient made the reposition always by herself. Two months after the first dislocation, we performed the revision of the polyethylene tibial insert and found wearing of the tibial insert's cam as an hitherto unreported cause of the mechanical instability of the total knee prosthesis.     

Lid retraction etiology

The upper lid position is abnormal if it exposes a white band of sclera between the lid margin and the upper corneal limbus while the retracted lower lid lies below the inferior corneal margin and is tethered to the orbital margin. Lid retraction is a sign of many congenital and acquired diseases and is characterised by multifactorial etiology. The aim of this study was to discuss the etiology of lid retraction divided into four categories: neurogenic, myogenic, mechanical and miscellaneous, what suggests a successful differential diagnostic and therapeutic approach.     

Neuropeptide Y in the female reproductive tract of the rat. Distribution of nerve fibres and motor effects

The spontaneous firing of single neurones in the region of the lateral reticular nucleus was the subject of a pharmacological study employing microiontophoretic and systemic application of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. Both iontophoretic noradrenaline and systemic clonidine depressed neuronal firing. The depressions were consistently reversed by the alpha-2 antagonist RX781094. Other adrenergic antagonists, prazosin and sotalol, were ineffective. The results suggest the existence of alpha-2 receptors in this region of the brain.     

Dilemmas about the antenatal use of corticosteroids for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the biggest problems in modern obstetrics. The incidence of RDS is 1%-2%. RDS is a condition of insufficient surfactant production. Surfactant is a complex molecule which is responsible for maturation of fetal lungs. The most important factor for insufficient surfactant production and pulmonary immaturity is shortening of gestation, i.e. preterm delivery. Antenatal corticosteroids for maturation of fetal lungs are in use for over thirty years. Corticosteroids decrease the incidence and intensity of RDS, the severity of intracerebral hemorrhage, and overall neonatal morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of corticosteroid action is probably induction of fetal pulmonary enzyme complex that is responsible for adequate surfactant production and regulation of pulmonary interstitial fluids. In this literature review, we analyze long- and short-term benefits and risks of single and multiple antenatal corticosteroid administration.