Suitable survival and half-life of red cells after frozen storage in excess of 10 years

To examine the appropriateness of the Food and Drug Administration's 10-year storage time for previously frozen red cells, 24-hour posttransfusion survival studies were performed, and the half-life of 3 units of autologous red cells that had been stored for 13.5, 14, and 17 years, respectively, was measured. The units had acceptable freeze-thaw-wash recovery (83.3-91.4%). When a 51Cr label was used for the previously frozen red cells and a simultaneous 52Cr label for freshly drawn autologous red cells was used as a comparison, it was seen that the previously frozen cells had normal 24-hour posttransfusion survival (75.1-88.4%) as well as normal half-life (23-33.7 days). These findings support further extension of the maximum allowable storage time for previously frozen red cells.     

腰椎间融合术

正ISBN-10:0323476635ISBN-13:978-0323476638Elsevier出版社2018年11月出版240页本书由腰椎间融合术(lumbar interbody fusion,LIF)领域资深外科专家及主要技术革新者编撰,重点阐述微创及开放LIF手术技术的最新进展,全面介绍极外侧、斜外侧、直接外侧入路以及横突间入路、轴向入路和内窥镜下入路等成熟入路方式的具体步骤。本书有如下特点:注重技术差异、每一术式优缺点以及并发症的防治手段;高质量影像     

CD3AK细胞两种输入方法的不良反应观察

目的探讨减少CD3AK细胞输入不良反应的最佳技术操作方法。方法将62例接受CD3AK细胞输入治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者分为两组:用CD3AK细胞输入与白介素-2混合静脉输入的15例患者为混合输入组,采用CD3AK细胞、白介素-2分别单独静脉输入的47例患者为分开输入组,观察两组输入反应情况。结果两组头痛、发热、畏寒的发生率,经统计学处理,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论取CD3AK细胞、白介素-2加入生理盐水分别单独输入的方法,可减轻患者不良反应,顺利完成疗程,达到预期的治疗效果。     

Human blood cells at microgravity: the NASA Initial Blood Storage Experiment

The Initial Blood Storage Experiment (IBSE) probed the behavior of human red cells, white cells, and platelets during exposure to microgravity for 6 days and 2 hours on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shuttle mission, named STS 61-C, which was launched on January 12, 1986. IBSE involved carefully controlled comparisons between two identical sets of blood cells, one exposed to microgravity and the other held on the ground. Specially designed and fabricated, electrically powered environmental chambers provided appropriate environmental temperatures and air flow to support cell metabolism throughout the experiment. To circumvent the need for constant agitation of platelets during storage, a new thin-layer compression method for platelet preservation was developed. Blood cell samples were allocated to the two arms of the experiment, microgravity and earth gravity, by blind assignment. Moreover, to ensure unbiased assessment of the experiment's findings, postexperiment samples for measurement were identified by code. To optimize the chances of detecting possible gravitational effects, a wide array of measurements of cellular function, morphology, metabolism, and immunology were made. Analysis of variance was used in analyzing the data. The most striking finding was that platelets displayed markedly superior structural and functional integrity at microgravity. Granulocytes held on the ground were preserved slightly better than those that orbited in the shuttle, whereas red cells displayed few effects that were attributable to the gravitational variable. Polyvinylchloride-di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (PVC-DEHP) was the plastic of choice for storage of red cells, while PVC-trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM) was superior to PVC-DEHP and polyolefin (PO) for platelets.     

Role of botrocetin in platelet agglutination: formation of an activated complex of botrocetin and von Willebrand factor

Botrocetin (venom coagglutinin) induces binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), resulting in platelet agglutination. A mechanism whereby botrocetin causes vWF to change to an active platelet-agglutinating form is proposed. Incubation of native vWF with botrocetin yielded an increasingly active vWF with slower migration in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis but with no apparent change in vWF multimer pattern. The "activated" vWF eluted mainly in the void volume (Vo) (Bio-Gel A-15m column chromatography). Botrocetin eluted in the included volume (Vi). Vo peaks appeared to contain a vWF- botrocetin complex, based on bioassays and immunoassays. 125I- Botrocetin mixed with vWF eluted in two peaks: in the Vo, coincident with active vWF, and in the Vi. With von Willebrand disease (vWD) plasma lacking vWF, 125I-Botrocetin eluted in the Vi only. It did not bind to platelets without vWF. In aggregometric studies, antibodies (Ab) against botrocetin, vWF, and GPIb prevented botrocetin-induced platelet agglutination and caused dissolution of preformed platelet agglutinates. Immunostaining of aggregates with antibotrocetin Ab revealed a positive reaction. Botrocetin appears to act in a two-step manner, first binding with vWF to form a complex, which then binds to GPIb to cause agglutination. All three components, vWF, botrocetin, and GPIb, appear to be required for maintenance of stable platelet agglutinates.     

Expression of tissue factor and factor VIIa/tissue factor inhibitor activity in endotoxin or phorbol ester stimulated U937 monocyte-like cells

Previously, unstimulated cells of the human monocytic tumor cell line U937 have been shown to possess a negligible cell-surface tissue factor (TF) activity, and to secrete a small amount of factor VIIa/tissue factor (VIIa/TF) inhibitor activity. On stimulation with endotoxin or with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), TF of these cells is known to be increased approximately fourfold. In this report, we demonstrate that VIIa/TF inhibitor is also increased on stimulation of U937 cells with endotoxin (approximately equal to threefold) or with PMA (approximately equal to 20-fold). Notably, the secretion of the inhibitor persisted after the cell surface TF had started to decline. Further, when serum- free media from PMA stimulated cells was electrophoresed on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel, we eluted two inhibitor activity peaks corresponding to Mr approximately equal to 47,000 and Mr approximately equal to 36,000. The molecular weights of these peaks are similar to those obtained earlier from human plasma for this inhibitor(s).