The utility of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in the prediction of proximal right coronary artery occlusion in acute inferior myocardial infarction

Prior studies have proposed several electrocardiogram criteria for identifying patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (iSTEMI) caused by obstruction of the proximal part of the right coronary artery (RCA). We applied 11 of these criteria and three new ones to the admission electrocardiograms of 80 patients admitted with an acute iSTEMI in order to evaluate their utility. All patients received thrombolytic treatment and underwent coronary angiography during the hospitalization. Four previously described criteria (ST-segment depression in lead V1, ST-segment depression in leads V1-V3, maximum ST-segment depression in the precordial leads, and ST-segment depression in lead V3 of 1) were useful in identifying patients with obstruction of the proximal part of the RCA. Among the six criteria, ST depression in V1-V3 had the highest specificity (77.2%) and positive predictive value (56.5%), and a new criterion-the arithmetic sum of the ST-elevation in V3/ST-elevation in III < 0.5--had the highest sensitivity (80.9%) and negative predictive value (86.7%). Six criteria were helpful in identifying patients with acute iSTEMI caused by obstruction of the proximal part of the RCA. One of these has not been previously reported and has the higher specificity and negative predictive value.     

The bovine papillomavirus oncoprotein E5 retains MHC class I molecules in the Golgi apparatus and prevents their transport to the cell surface

During papillomavirus infection, the E5 protein localizes in the cell Golgi apparatus and other endomembrane compartments. Cells transformed by E5 do not express major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC I) on the cell surface, while cells transformed by the other transforming proteins E6 and E7 do. In addition, the total amount of both MHC I protein and mRNA is reduced in E5-transformed cells. Here we show that expression of bovine papillomavirus E5 causes the retention of MHC I in the Golgi apparatus, thus preventing its transport to the cell surface. We ascribe this effect to a failure of acidification of the Golgi apparatus, as similar effects are observed in control cells treated with the ionophore monensin. Treatment of E5-transformed cells with either beta- or gamma-interferon increases the synthesis of MHC I, showing that inhibition of MHC I expression by E5 is not irreversible. However, even after interferon treatment, MHC I, although increased in quantity, is not transported to the cell surface. E5 therefore affects MHC I at several levels, but prevention of MHC I transport to the cell surface appears to be the dominant effect. Lack of surface MHC I would have profound consequences for presentation of viral peptides to the immune system.     

Extensive papillomatosis of the bovine upper gastrointestinal tract

Extensive papillomatosis was identified in a heifer born and raised in Scotland and a steer born and raised in England. In both cases, the papillomas extended from the mouth and tongue to the reticulum. Although cases of florid papillomatosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract occur relatively frequently in cattle grazing on bracken fern in the Scottish Highlands, no such cases have been reported previously in English cattle. Histopathological examination of the papillomas showed that the lesions were wholly epithelial, with acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and the pathognomonic koilocytes characteristic of papillomavirus infection. Bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) was identified by molecular amplification and sequencing of the viral genome.