2008—2018年国内性教育相关研究的文献计量学分析

[目的] 了解近10年以来性教育相关领域的研究热点及研究方向。[方法] 选用中国知网、维普、万方三大中文数据库对2008—2018年国内性教育相关文献进行检索,借助文献管理软件NoteExpress对检索到的文章进行收集与整理。[结果] 共检索到文献2 058篇,出现的关键词有3 221个,其中排名前10的关键词分别为性教育、大学生、青春期性教育、青少年、青春期、中学生、幼儿性教育、性知识、家长、家庭性教育;核心作者共有117位,核心作者群总发文量为463篇,占总文献量的21.5%;成果共发表于674种期刊上,载文量排名前15位的期刊累计载文量406篇;研究单位共有1 031个,其中发文量最大的单位为北京师范大学,共发文31篇。[结论] 近10年国内性教育发文量较大,研究的范围很宽泛,热点集中在大学生以及青春期青少年的性知识、性观念、性心理、性道德等内容,以及针对性教育现状提出相应对策;但未形成较明显的核心作者群,且研究机构相对较分散。     

DOSE REQUIREMENTS AND PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF PIPECURONIUM DURING BILATERAL RENAL EXCLUSION AND ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PIGS

We have studied five pigs undergoing bilateral clamping of therenal pedicles, seven pigs undergoing orthotopic liver transplantationand three control animals without surgery in order to examinethe roles of the kidney and liver in the plasma clearance ofpipecuronium. An i.v. infusion of pipecuronium was controlledto maintain a constant 90–95 % twitch depression throughoutthe investigation. The right sciatic nerve was stimulated continuouslywith supra-maximal stimuli at 0.1 Hz and the force of the correspondingevoked isometric muscle contraction was recorded continuously.Control pigs needed an infusion rate of pipecuronium 8–10.7µg kg^–1 min^–1. In the renal group, it wasnecessary to reduce the infusion rate of pipecuronium by about25% after clamping both renal vascular pedicles (P < 0.05compared with controls); in pigs undergoing liver transplantation,it was necessary to reduce the rate by approximately 80% afterclamping hepatic vessels (P < 0.05 compared with controlsand from the period after clamping of renal vessels). Afterhepatic recirculation, the infusion rate of pipecuronium wasincreased progressively to a rate which corresponded to 50%of baseline values (P < 0.05 compared with the anhepaticphase and from controls). Plasma concentrations of pipecuroniumwere comparable in the three animal groups and did not changesignificantly during the study. These data suggest that theliver plays a more important role than the kidney in the plasmaclearance of pipecuronium in pigs.     

An autologous fibrinogen-based adhesive for use in otologic surgery

Successful middle ear surgery requires the availability of a safe, effective bonding material. Side effects caused by synthetic materials have led to the use of biologic adhesives; however, they carry the risk of transmission of infectious disease if they are prepared from pooled human blood. A procedure for the production of an autologous fibrinogen-based adhesive using polyethylene glycol to precipitate the fibrinogen-factor XIII component from plasma is described. This procedure requires 40 ml of whole blood and approximately 3 hours' preparation time, and it can be performed in any blood bank with the facilities for sterile techniques. This adhesive has been used successfully for otologic surgery in 12 patients, and further study of the use of this biologic adhesive for other microsurgical techniques should be undertaken.     

Wenckebach Periods in Sinoatrial Block: Experimental and Clinical Evidence

The reality of sinoatrial Wenckebach periods (WP) has been suggested, but not proven, in the literature. We report experimental and clinical data showing WP in sinoatrial blocks. Experimental sinoatrial blocks were induced by superfusion of bepridil (10(-5) M) in 15 preparations of isolated rabbit right atria. Different types of block were observed, including Blumberger I block, i.e., sinoatrial WP. The recordings showed that the typical pattern of Blumberger type IA block and sinoatrial WP may be due to transient acceleration of the sinus rate, without change in the increment. We also observed sinoatrial WP in a 72-year-old patient on direct recordings of the sinus node (SN) electrical activity. In this case, transient acceleration of the sinus rate also seemed to be involved in the genesis of sinoatrial WP. Analysis of these clinical and experimental data showed similarities that may explain the mechanism of the WP. Usually type IA Blumberger block is said to involve a decrease in the sinoatrial increment to explain the atrial sequence (decrease in PP interval followed by a pause shorter than twice the value of the preceding cycle, then a cycle longer than the one preceding the pause). In fact, this pattern can be observed when the acceleration of the higher structure, the SN, induces block within the lower structure, i.e., the atrium.     

Family‐ and community‐level predictors of parent support seeking

The influences of community‐ and family‐level socio‐demographic factors on parent formal and informal support‐seeking activities were examined. Data analyzed were collected from 1,260 parents of sixth graders from 26 rural Iowa communities. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicated that both family‐ and community‐level factors were significant predictors of parent support seeking. Findings at the family level indicated that household income, parent gender, and number of children were significantly predictive of informal support seeking; parent education and parent gender were significantly predictive of formal support seeking. In addition, significant community population size effects on informal parent support seeking were found. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Scattered Radiation Doses during Cardiac Studies using a U-arm type Fluoroscopy system

With the advent of image intensifier systems incorporating a U-arm with parallelogram support, a greater awareness of scattered radiation levels is needed, in particular to cardiologists. Depending on the projection, the cardiologist can now be subjected to scatter from the primary side of the patient, giving rise to much higher leyels of scattered radiation. Doses to cardiologists were measured for typical cardiac studies on such an image intensifier system. Doses to the eyes and thyroid were below the limits recommended by the ICRP, but if the principle of AJLARA. is to be adhered to consideration needs to be given to a secondary barrier, in addition to the lead apron, to provide protection to the eyes and thyroid of the cardiologist.