Ein Chinolizin-Derivat aus Tryptophan und Acetylacetaldehyd

A Quinolizine Derivative from Tryptophan and Acetoacetaldehyde The reaction of DL-tryptophan with acetoacetaldehyde (as its acetal or enolether) yields rac-3-acetyl-6-carboxy-2-methyl-7,12-dihydro-6H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizinium betaine ( 5 ). The course of the reaction, the spectra, and biological implications are discussed.     

Action of Polymyxin B on Bacterial Membranes: Phosphatidylglycerol- and Cardiolipin-Induced Susceptibility to Polymyxin B in Acholeplasma laidlawii B

To identify the polymyxin receptor molecules in the membranes of living microorganisms, fusion of intact Acholeplasma laidlawii B with lipid vesicles was investigated according to the procedure of Grant and McConnell (1973). The naturally polymyxin-resistant A. laidlawii B was treated with phospholipid vesicles prepared from purified phospholipids of the polymyxin-susceptible Salmonella typhimurium G30. A. laidlawii B absorbed between 15 and 45% of its own lipid content of the added tritium-labeled phospholipids without loss of viability. Association with the acidic components phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin produced a 10- to 30-fold increase in polymyxin susceptibility, which was not obtained with egg-phosphatidylcholine and mixed phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. The polymyxin-sensitized cells bound 12 times more radioactive antibiotic than resistant cells. The phosphatidylglycerol-induced susceptibility was abolished by serum fraction V (Cohn) proteins.     

Frakturlinienverlauf — Schenkelkopfnekrose bei der medialen Schenkelhalsfraktur

Zusammenfassung 1. Untersucht wurden die Beziehungen zwischen Frakturlinienverlauf und Kopfnekrose bei 117 Patienten mit medialen Schenkelhalsfrakturen, deren Auswertung an Hand von Röntgenbildern erfolgt.2. Nach der Fraktureinteilung von Garden und Pauwels überwiegen bei Kopfnekrosen die Schweregrade G IV und P III.3a. Es wurden insgesamt 23,9% Kopfnekrosen festgestellt. Davon entfallen wiederum 60,7% auf totale und 39,3% auf partielle Nekrosen.3b. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten liegt bei Kopfnekrose um 1,3 Jahre höher als bei Patienten mit vitalen Schenkelköpfen.3c. Die weiblichen Patienten überwiegen mit 65,5%. Bei den Nekrosefällen sind sie 1,8mal häufiger vertreten als bei vitalem Schenkelkopf.4. In allen Fällen wurde eine Abhängigkeit der Kopfnekrose vom Frakturlinienverlauf festgestellt: Verläuft die Fraktur proximal vom Eintrittsgebiet der lateralen Epiphysenarterie, resultiert in jedem Fall eine Schenkelkopfnekrose, nicht dagegen bei distalem Verlauf.5. In 92,6% der Fälle konnte der Frakturverlauf auf der ersten Röntgenaufnahme des Patienten entsprechend ausgewertet werden; in 7,4% der Fälle erst nach der Reposition.6. Auf die Möglichkeit der Anwendung dieser Ergebnisse bei der Früherkennung der Kopfnekrose wird hingewiesen. An Hand des Röntgenbildes ist eine brauchbare Prognose über die Lebensfähigkeit des Schenkelkopfes möglich.

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Summary 1. The x-ray films of 117 patients are investigated due to correlation between the course of the fracture and a necrosis of the femur head.2. Based on the classifications by Garden resp. Pauwels the stages G IV resp. P III predominate in cases of femur head necrosis.3a. A necrosis of the femur head is found in 23.9% totally, from these are 39.3% partial necrosis.3b. The average age of the patients is in the cases of femur head necrosis 1,3 years higher than that of the patients with a vital femur head.3c. The females predominate in the cases of a femur neck fracture (65.5%). In the cases of a femur head necrosis females are found 1,8 more frequent than males.4. In the cases of a femur head necrosis a correlation is confirmed to the course of the fracture: If the fracture takes its course proximal to the entry of the lateral epipleal artery the results is in every case a femur head necrosis, but not in cases of a distal course to this point.5. The course of the fracture was interpretable in 92.6% in first x-ray film, in 7.4% only after reposition.6. The applicability of these results is discussed in regard to the early detection of a femur head necrosis. Due to the x-ray film a useful prognosis is possible to the vitality of the femur head future.

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Résumé 1. On a examiné les rapports entre le parcours des lignes de fracture et la nécrose de la tête du fémur de 117 patients avec des fractures médiales du col du fémur, que l'on a appréciées à l'aide de radiographies.2. D'après la classification des fractures de Garden et Pauwels, dans les nécroses de la tête du fémur les degrés de gravité G IV et P III prédominent.3a. On a constaté en tout 23,9% de nécroses de la tête du fémur, dont 60,7% se répartissent sur des nécroses totales et 39,3% sur des nécroses partielles.3b. L'âge moyen des patients avec des nécroses de la tête du fémur se situe à 1,3 année plus haut que chez les patients avec des têtes de fémur vitales.3c. Les malades de sexe féminin prédominent avec 65,5%. Dans les cas de nécroses elles présentent une fréquence de 1,8 plus élevée que pour les têtes de fémur vitales.4. Dans tous les cas on a constaté une dépendance de la nécrose de la tête suivant le parcours des lignes de fracture: si la fracture se situe dans une zone proximale de la région de pénétration de l'artère latérale de l'épiphyse, il en résulte dans chaque cas une nécrose de la tête. Au contraire elle ne se produit dans le cas d'un parcours distal.5. Dans 92,6% des cas on pouvait en conséquence apprécier le parcours de la fracture sur le première radiographie, dans 7,4% des cas seulement après la réduction.6. On attire l'attention de l'application de ces résultats en vue de la reconnaissance précoce de la nécrose de la tête du fémur. En disposant d'une radiographie on peut établir un prognostic valable en ce qui concerne la capacité vitale de la tête du fémur.

     

Mold and Human Health: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff

The term “mold” is utilized to define the ubiquitous fungal species commonly found in household dust and observed as visible multicellular filaments. Several well-defined human diseases are known to be caused or exacerbated by mold or by exposure to their byproducts. Among these, a solid connection has been established with infections, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and asthma. In the past decades, other less-defined and generally false conditions have also been ascribed to mold. We will herein review and critically discuss the available evidence on the influence of mold on human health.     

Potential adverse events with biologic response modifiers

In recent years, an explosion of biologic response modifiers has entered the market to combat a variety of immune-mediated diseases. These can be in the form of recombinant cytokines, as in the case of interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, or novel engineered antibodies constructed by combining non-human determinants with a human immunoglobulin scaffold, as in the case of omalizumab in the treatment of allergic asthma. More recently, completely human monoclonal antibodies have also been constructed. Adverse reactions related to these agents can be classified as expected or unexpected events. A number of case studies and a handful of randomized trials have demonstrated the potential toxicities with the use of biologic response modifiers. This article aims to review adverse event profiles of select biologic response modifiers for which the most data is available and are common to a rheumatology, allergy/immunology, and dermatology patient population.     

Ana o 1, a cashew (Anacardium occidental) allergen of the vicilin seed storage protein family

BACKGROUND: The allergens responsible for cashew food allergy have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVES: We initiated a study to clone cDNAs encoding cashew food allergens. METHODS: A cashew cDNA library was screened with human serum for IgE-reactive clones and rabbit IgG anti-cashew extract antisera. Reactive clones were sequenced and expressed, and linear epitopes were identified by means of solid-phase overlapping peptide analysis. Immunoblot inhibition was used to identify the native peptide in cashew extract. RESULTS: Four closely related clones reactive with both human and rabbit antisera were sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that these encode members of the vicilin/sucrose-binding protein family of plant seed storage proteins. Screening of the recombinant protein with sera from 20 patients with cashew allergy and 8 cashew-tolerant patients with allergies to other tree nuts showed that 50% and 25% of sera from patients with cashew allergy and cashew-tolerant subjects, respectively, bound the recombinant protein. The corresponding native allergen protein, designated Ana o 1, was located at approximately 50 kd. Epitope mapping revealed 11 linear IgE-binding epitopes, of which 3 appear to be immunodominant. None of the epitopes were shared in common with those of the peanut vicilin allergen Ara h 1. CONCLUSION: Ana o 1, a vicilin-like protein, is a major food allergen in cashews. Cashew and peanut vicilins do not share linear epitopes.