Spatial heterogeneity of inhibitory surrounds in the middle temporal visual area.

A recurrent theme in the organization of vertebrate visual cortex is that of receptive fields with an associated "silent" opponency component. In the middle temporal area (area MT), a cortical visual area involved in the analysis of retinal motion in primates, this opponency appears in the form of a region outside the classical receptive field (CRF) that in itself gives no response but suppresses responses to motion evoked within the CRF. This antagonistic motion surround has been described as very large and symmetrically arrayed around the CRF. On the basis of this view, the primary function of the surround has long been thought to consist of simple figure-ground segregation based on movement. We have made use of small stimulus patches to map the form and extent of the surround and find evidence that the surround inhibition of many MT cells is in fact confined to restricted regions on one side or on opposite sides of the CRF. Such regions endow MT cells with the ability to make local-to-local motion comparisons, capable of extracting more complex features from the visual environment, and as such, may be better viewed as intrinsic parts of the receptive field, rather than as separate entities responsible for local-to-global comparisons.     

Studies for estimating the biologic behavior and prognosis of paragangliomas in the head and neck

Despite a large number of histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies, the biologic behavior and prognosis of paragangliomas (glomus tumors) of the head and neck still remain uncertain. In the present study 36 specimens from 32 patients who underwent surgery for a paraganglioma were examined. The examinations included routine histology, quantitative DNA analysis based on image cytometry, immunohistochemical detection of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) along with visualization of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR). According to LeCompte, the paragangliomas were histologically divided into three subcategories: 16 patients had a paragangliomatous tumor. 14 patients had an adenomatous tumor, and 6 patients had an angiomatous tumor. Quantitative DNA analysis revealed three categories of tumors with characteristical DNA pattern; DNA type I tumors were pure diploid, DNA type II tumors had stemlines at 2c and 4c and were therefore recognized as diploid-tetraploid. Aneuploid cells were not apparent in these two groups. DNA type III tumors had stemline ploidies exceeding 2c and 4c. Aneuploid cells were present in all of these tumors. The biologic behavior of these lesions therefore must be recognized as suspicious. DNA type III tumors and adenomatous tumors showed the highest values for the PCNA scores, indicating a higher proliferation rate and a more rapid growth pattern in these lesions. Twenty patients could be followed over a period of up to 110 months. Five of these patients developed a recurrent tumor. All of them had DNA type III tumors. The DNA indices showed significantly higher values in the recurrent tumor group. The 2c deviation index (DI) and the entropy value had the highest prognostic significance. No correlation to clinical follow-up was found for the AgNOR score. Based on these results, prognostic indices for paragangliomas were developed: patients with a tumor having a 2c DI exceeding 2.0, entropy value of more than 4.0. 5c exceeding rate more than 8.0, and a PCNA score more than 20.0% can be recognized as being at high-risk for developing recurrent disease.     

中国近代西医产科学史

本文阐述了中国西医产科学的发展历史。由于传统封建思想的阻碍,我国现代产科学的起步较晚,１９１１年在福建省建立了我国第一所产科病房。１９３０年以前孕产妇及新生儿死亡率比英美高４～５倍,１９３０年后,建立助产学校,开展孕期保健及骨盆测量,不断改进对病理妊娠的诊断及妊娠合并症的处理,这些均促进了中国近代西医产科学的进步,也为建国后的发展奠定了基础。     

江湾地区婴儿体格发育分析

目的了解和掌握江湾地区婴儿体格发育状况。方法对江湾地区１９９６年１月～１９９７年９月出生的２１７名婴儿（男１１４名,女１０３名）体重、身长进行系统监测至１２个月,其实际测量均值与ＷＨＯ国际参照值作比较。结果江湾地区婴儿（无论男女）体重、身长在各年龄组均达到或高于ＷＨＯ国际参照值。结论江湾地区婴儿体格发育状况良好。     

某金矿凿岩工症状自评量表调查分析

探讨局部振动对工人心理,行为功能的影响。方法 应用ＳＣＬ－９０量表及一般症状查体资料,对４０名金矿井正业凿岩机工人及其对照组２０名工人进行了调查分析。结果 与对照组比较,凿岩组工人在耳鸣,听力下降,高血压等方面有显著性意义;症状量表听各项指标均与对照组有显著差异,且在工作后１０年内易发生。结论局部振动可造成工人心理,行为功能的改变及一些症状的出现,二者又可相互作用,进一步加重对工人身心健康的危害。     

营养教育改善农村儿童营养状况的研究

本文通过１９９７年基线调查,选择９个村０—３岁儿童作为实验组（以下简称实验组）进行营养教育,３个村０—３岁儿童作为对照组（简称对照组）,１９９８年进行终期评估。结果表明：６—１２个月儿童,营养不良发病率较高,而这一年龄段儿童贫血患病率也较高。经营养教育后实验组中重度发育迟缓、低体重及消瘦儿童患病率分别下降了２８．１４％、６．２１％、６．８２％,对照组下降了２５．６３％、－１．４８％、８．４８％,实验组轻度贫血率下降４７．２４％,对照组下降３５．９２％,可见,营养教育工作对改善农村儿童营养状况,取得了良好的效果。     

血清尿酸的毛细管电泳测定

目的用毛细管电泳中的胶束动电法直接测定血清尿酸浓度。方法以ＳＤＳ作为电泳缓冲液中和胶束相,采用非涂渍毛细管２１ｃｍ×５０μｍ（ｉ．ｄ．）,检测波长２３５ｎｍ,以外标法定量。结果尿酸测定的线性范围为４６．５～１５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,最低检测限为２０．３１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ：本法的日内和日间变异系数均小于４．５％;平均回收率为１０１．４５％。内生性化合物和临床某些常用药物对此方法无干扰。结论该法线性范围宽,简单、快速,可应用于临床样品检测。     

P选择素和ICAM—1在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨Ｐ选择素和细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法 建立缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,观察缺血再灌注后肾组织Ｐ选择素和ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达,并用Ｐ选择单克隆抗体进行了治疗。结果 发现缺血再灌注后肾小管人泡变性玫片状坏死,血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）和肌酐（ＳＣｒ）水平升高;但再灌注前５ｍｉｎ经Ｐ选择互单抗处理的动物肾组织与正常相近,肾小管上皮细胞未见变性及坏死,血ＢＵＮ和ＳＣｒ水