Evaluation of bone height and bone density after tooth extraction: an experimental study in minipigs.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to radiographically quantify bone density and bone height preservation in tooth extraction alveolus filled with xenograft. STUDY DESIGN: The maxillary and mandibular fourth deciduous molars and fourth premolars of 6 minipigs were removed. Randomly, in 3 animals the right side was used as the test side and in the other 3 animals the left side was the test side. Intraoral radiographs were performed to compare the condition at the initial time and 3 months later. Measurements of bone height and bone density were performed using KS300 (Zeiss) software. RESULTS: After 3 months, there was a statistically significant smaller bone height loss for the test group. The test group presented a statistically greater bone density immediately after tooth extraction. However, after 3 months there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that treatment of postextraction alveolus with xenograft can preserve bone height initially but differences in bone density compared to when no xenograft is used are not sustained.     

Thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin in prepubertal depression

In an effort to evaluate whether differences exist in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of depressed children, a thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was administered to 55 prepubertal subjects who were divided into three groups matched for age and sex: a depressed group (endogenous N = 15, nonendogenous N = 15), a psychiatric nondepressed control group (N = 16), and a normal control group (N = 9). Each subject was tested at two dosages of TRH, 2 micrograms/kg and 7 micrograms/kg. Increasing age and female sex were positively correlated with a greater thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response. TSH response to TRH was examined with subjects reclassified by severe suicidal ideation, severe aggression, and parental history of alcoholism. Results of this study are contrasted with the adult psychiatric literature.     

Early and late results of orthotopic liver transplantation

Between 4/1986 to 1/1989, 74 orthotopic liver transplantation were performed in 62 patients (62 first liver transplants, 10 as second graft and two as a third graft); 57 in adults and 17 in children. The main indication for the operation was liver cirrhosis (61.4%) (the most frequent etiology was alcoholic cirrhosis, 28.5%). Six cirrhotic patients had a hepatocarcinoma (9.6%). Two received a liver and kidney transplant due to terminal renal insufficiency and hemodialysis. The most frequent indication in children was biliary atresia (33.3%). Six patients had a fulminal liver failure (9.6%). AB0 blood group compatibility was identical in 87.5%, compatible in six and incompatible in three patients. Total orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in 67 patients, and size-reduced liver was indicated in 7 patients. Extracorporeal veno-venous bypass was used in adults but never in children. In 93.1% of the transplants a single hepatic artery was anastomosed to the recipient and in 6.9% a double anastomosis was performed. In 62.5% of the patients a end-to-end choledocho-choledochostomy was performed and in 34.8% hepatico-jejunostomy was indicated. Three months postoperative mortality rate was 12.9%. Arterial stenosis and thrombosis were the most frequent complication.     

Social and health care factors and perinatal mortality in Spain--ecological study

The results of the multiple regression and correlation analysis between perinatal mortality and social and health care variables in Spanish provinces between 1975 and 1979 are presented. Although the perinatal mortality rates of Spanish provinces correlate significantly with a series of socioeconomic variables (family income available per capita, percentage of active population in primary sector, educational level of women at childbearing age) and health care variables (active obstetricians per 1000 live births and active pediatricians per 1000 live births), the multiple correlation and regression analysis has shown that the most important variable is the family income available per capita: 44% of the variability of perinatal mortality in Spanish provinces can be accounted for by this factor. By regression analysis, it is also possible to predict a decrease of 0.065 points in perinatal mortality for every additional 1000 pesetas in the family income available per capita.     

Prospective study of antigenemia,plasma viremia and lymphocytic viremia in HIV-infected hemophiliacs

A total of 186 blood samples from 24 HIV-1 seropositive hemophiliac patients, monitored every four months for 29 months, were investigated for the presence of viral antigen in plasma. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for HIV-1, using normal PBMC as a target for replication. Antigenemia was detected in 51 % of the patients and from PBMC in 87.5 % of the patients. The incidence of HIV isolation in asymptomatic patients (42.8 %) was similar to that found in symptomatic patients (51.4 %). Patients with opportunistic infections had a higher incidence of lymphocytic viremia (p<0.05). Plasma viremia was closely associated (p<0.05) with low CD4+ counts and infection progression. The persistence of antigenemia was also a marker of a poor clinical course. In treated patients, plasma viremia was the marker that better correlated with the clinical course, and it did not appear during the first nine months of therapy. Zidovudine doses of >500 mg/day significantly lowered the appearance of antigenemia and lymphocytic viremia (p<0.05).     

Self-regulation of food intake among rural Mexican preschool children

Access to food and the amount consumed were investigated within a group of 45 children aged 33 to 60 months, among whom growth stunting was common. Children were observed throughout 1 day; all foods offered and consumed were weighed, and food-related behaviors noted. Children ate frequently, at least 2 meals and an average of 7.4 +/- 2.6 snacks daily. Children had access to 2029 +/- 575 kcal (8493 +/- 2407 kJ) yet only consumed 1528 +/- 343 kcal (6396 +/- 1436 kJ) daily; thus food availability was not restricting intake. A higher proportion of snacks than meals (85 per cent vs. 71 per cent) was consumed. Children requested foods frequently (x = 9.2 +/- 4.3) and 76 per cent of requests were fulfilled. Neither amount of accessible food nor amount consumed differed by age, gender, or socioeconomic status. The importance of the child's role in determining food intake, and of snacking to overall food consumption, was demonstrated.