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141.
Li? Bárbara Arruda Marilia Ladeira de Araújo Maira Luccia Martinez Claudio Roberto Gonsalez Alberto José da Silva Duarte Eoin Coakley Yolanda Lie Jorge Casseb 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(4):287-290
The clinical application of CCR5 antagonists involves first determining
the coreceptor usage by the infecting viral strain. Bioinformatics programs that
predict coreceptor usage could provide an alternative method to screen candidates for
treatment with CCR5 antagonists, particularly in countries with limited financial
resources. Thus, the present study aims to identify the best approach using
bioinformatics tools for determining HIV-1 coreceptor usage in clinical practice.
Proviral DNA sequences and Trofile results from 99 HIV-1-infected subjects under
clinical monitoring were analyzed in this study. Based on the Trofile results, the
viral variants present were 81.1% R5, 21.4% R5X4 and 1.8% X4. Determination of
tropism using a Geno2pheno[coreceptor] analysis with a false positive rate
of 10% gave the most suitable performance in this sampling: the R5 and X4 strains
were found at frequencies of 78.5% and 28.4%, respectively, and there was 78.6%
concordance between the phenotypic and genotypic results. Further studies are needed
to clarify how genetic diversity amongst virus strains affects bioinformatics-driven
approaches for determining tropism. Although this strategy could be useful for
screening patients in developing countries, some limitations remain that restrict the
wider application of coreceptor usage tests in clinical practice. 相似文献
142.
Resistance Exercise Restores Endothelial Function and Reduces Blood
Pressure in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Marcelo Mendon?a Mota Tharciano Luiz Teixeira Braga da Silva Milene Tavares Fontes André Sales Barreto Jo?o Eliakim dos Santos Araújo Ant?nio Cesar Cabral de Oliveira Rogério Brand?o Wichi Márcio Roberto Viana Santos 《Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia》2014,103(1):25-32
Background
Resistance exercise effects on cardiovascular parameters are not consistent.Objectives
The effects of resistance exercise on changes in blood glucose, blood pressure and vascular reactivity were evaluated in diabetic rats.Methods
Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (n = 8); sedentary diabetic (n = 8); and trained diabetic (n = 8). Resistance exercise was carried out in a squat device for rats and consisted of three sets of ten repetitions with an intensity of 50%, three times per week, for eight weeks. Changes in vascular reactivity were evaluated in superior mesenteric artery rings.Results
A significant reduction in the maximum response of acetylcholine-induced relaxation was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (78.1 ± 2%) and an increase in the trained diabetic group (95 ± 3%) without changing potency. In the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in the control and trained diabetic groups, but not in the sedentary diabetic group. Furthermore, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean arterial blood pressure was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (104.9 ± 5 to 126.7 ± 5 mmHg) as compared to that in the control group. However, the trained diabetic group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mean arterial blood pressure levels (126.7 ± 5 to 105.1 ± 4 mmHg) as compared to the sedentary diabetic group.Conclusions
Resistance exercise could restore endothelial function and prevent an increase in arterial blood pressure in type 1 diabetic rats. 相似文献143.
Mariana A. Coutinho-Myrrha Rosangela C. Dias Aline A. Fernandes Christiano G. Araújo Mark A. Hlatky Danielle G. Pereira Raquel R. Britto 《Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia》2014,102(4):383-390
Background
The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) assesses the functional capacity of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but there is no Portuguese version validated for CVD.Objectives
To translate and adapt cross-culturally the DASI for the Portuguese-Brazil language, and to verify its psychometric properties in the assessment of functional capacity of patients with CVD.Methods
The DASI was translated into Portuguese, then checked by back-translation into English and evaluated by an expert committee. The pre-test version was first evaluated in 30 subjects. The psychometric properties and correlation with exercise testing was performed in a second group of 67 subjects. An exploratory factor analyses was performed in all 97 subjects to verify the construct validity of the DASI.Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.87 and for the inter-rater reliability was 0.84. Cronbach''s α for internal consistency was 0.93. The concurrent validity was verified by significant positive correlations of DASI scores with the VO2max (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). The factor analysis yielded two factors, which explained 54% of the total variance, with factor 1 accounting for 40% of the variance. Application of the DASI required between one and three and a half minutes per patient.Conclusions
The Brazilian version of the DASI appears to be a valid, reliable, fast and easy to administer tool to assess functional capacity among patients with CVD. 相似文献144.
Mamede GL Araújo NA Schneider CM de Araújo JC Herrmann HJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(19):7191-7195
Sustainability of communities, agriculture, and industry is strongly dependent on an effective storage and supply of water resources. In some regions the economic growth has led to a level of water demand that can only be accomplished through efficient reservoir networks. Such infrastructures are not always planned at larger scale but rather made by farmers according to their local needs of irrigation during droughts. Based on extensive data from the upper Jaguaribe basin, one of the world's largest system of reservoirs, located in the Brazilian semiarid northeast, we reveal that surprisingly it self-organizes into a scale-free network exhibiting also a power-law in the distribution of the lakes and avalanches of discharges. With a new self-organized-criticality-type model we manage to explain the novel critical exponents. Implementing a flow model we are able to reproduce the measured overspill evolution providing a tool for catastrophe mitigation and future planning. 相似文献
145.
Balaban R Aguiar CM da Silva Araújo AC Dias Filho EB 《International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children》2012,22(4):286-291
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 286–291 Background. In dentistry, clinical practice is directed towards attitudes that promote oral health and the paediatricians occupy a privileged position in this process. Aim. To assess the knowledge and attitudes of paediatricians in relation to the oral health of their patients. Design. A cross‐sectional study was carried out at the Institute of Integrative Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil. A total of 182 paediatricians participated by filling out a questionnaire. Results. A total of 63.9% believed the first visit to the dentist should occur before the child completes 1 year of life. Moreover, 67.8% considered their knowledge on oral health to be insufficient. Approximately 78% of the paediatricians diagnosed caries through an analysis of cavities. Only 29.9% always recommended fluoride dentifrice. The term ‘fluorosis’ was unknown by 48.3% of the respondents. Concerning pacifiers, 32.6% did not allow it and 66.9% did not either recommend it or restrict it. A total of 83.4% classified the oral health content in their medical education as either nonexistent or deficient; this figure remained high (72.4%) in relation to residency. Conclusions. It is important to develop oral health information programmes to paediatricians. Information on oral health should be included in medical curricula and residency. 相似文献
146.
147.
148.
Valéria Martins Araújo CARNEIRO Ana Cristina Barreto BEZERRA Maria do Carmo Machado GUIMAR?ES Maria Imaculada MUNIZ-JUNQUEIRA 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2012,20(5):503-509
Phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes constitutes the main defense mechanism
against bacterial challenges in periodontitis. Phagocytosis by neutrophils has
already been evaluated, whereas phagocytic function of monocytes has hardly been
addressed so far.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes in periodontitis.Material and Methods
The sample included 30 subjects with severe periodontitis and 27 control subjects without periodontal disease. The phagocytic index (PhI) was calculated as the mean number of adhered/ingested Saccharomyces cerevisiae per phagocytozing monocyte or neutrophil multiplied by the percentage of phagocytes involved in phagocytosis.Results
A significant reduction in phagocyte functions was observed in individuals with periodontitis. The median of PhI of neutrophils using non-sensitized S. cerevisiae was 3 for the control group, and 1.5 for the periodontitis group (p=0.01, Mann-Whitney test). The median of PhI of monocytes with non-sensitized S. cerevisiae was 26.13 for the control group, and 13.23 for the periodontitis group (p=0.03, Mann Whitney test). The median of PhI of monocytes assessed with sensitized S. cerevisiae was 97.92 for the control group and 60.1 for the periodontitis group (p=0.005, t-test).Conclusion
The data demonstrated a reduction in the function of phagocytes, suggesting a decrease in immune defenses in periodontitis. 相似文献149.
150.
VT Garrido R Proença-Ferreira VM Dominical F Traina MA Bezerra MR de Mello MP Colella AS Araújo ST Saad FF Costa N Conran 《British journal of haematology》2012,158(6):788-797
Chronic vascular inflammation and endothelial activation may initiate vaso‐occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). TNFSF14 (CD258; LIGHT), a recently‐identified pro‐thrombotic and pro‐inflammatory tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐superfamily cytokine, has a potent activating effect on endothelial cells. We evaluated whether TNFSF14 production is altered in SCD and whether platelets contribute to this production. TNFSF14 was measured in platelet‐free plasma from healthy‐control individuals (CON), steady‐state sickle cell anaemia (SCA), SCA on hydroxycarbamide therapy (SCAHC) and haemoglobin SC (HbSC) patients. Mean plasma TNFSF14 was significantly increased in SCA, SCAHC and HbSC, compared to CON individuals. In SCA/SCAHC patients, plasma TNFSF14, showed no correlation with haematological variables, but was significantly correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory markers (CD40LG , IL8 and ICAM1). Platelet‐membrane TNFSF14 expression was significantly augmented on SCA platelets, and correlated with platelet activation; furthermore, measurement of platelet TNFSF14 release indicated that platelets may be a major source of circulating TNFSF14 in SCA. Interestingly, high plasma TNFSF14 was significantly associated with elevated tricuspid regurgitant velocity (≥2·5 m/s) in a population of SCA/SCAHC patients. The pro‐inflammatory and atherogenic cytokine, TNFSF14, could contribute to endothelial activation and inflammation in SCA; future investigations may confirm whether this protein contributes to major clinical complications of the disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, and represents a potential therapeutic target. 相似文献