Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adduct 2-(3-Hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)acrylonitrile (ISACN) Modulates Inflammatory Process In vitro and In vivo

Inflammation - Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA) are synthetic molecules with several biological actions already described in the literature. It has been previously described that adduct...     

Skeletal development of Kinosternon scorpioides limbs (Chelonia: Kinosternidae)

The morphological study of limbs is important for the understanding of tetrapod biology, where it can be applied to taxonomy and phylogeny, as well ecology and behavior. In this study area, osteogenesis is a subject in Kinosternidae, which has been little researched. The main aim of this study was to characterize the skeletogenesis of Kinosternon scorpioides limbs. Samples were histologically processed, and the embryos were cleared with potassium hydroxide and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red. It was observed that the limbs arose in embryonic Stage 10 as mesenchymal condensate cells. The first stylopodium chondrification centers were noted at Stage 14. Zeugopodium chondrification centers appeared at Stage 15; carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal regions were observed at Stage 16, and the cartilage molds of all bones limbs were present at Stage 18. Ossification began in the humerus and femur at Stage 20, and continued into the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula bones. By Stage 23, it was already effectively directed toward the bone epiphyses in both limbs. At Stage 26 and hatching, only articular cartilages remained, and in the majority of samples the carpal region showed no affinity for alcian blue or alizarin red staining. This study acts as an indicative parameter of the taxon's normal development and can contribute to the phylogenetic understanding of this group.     

When Old Meets New: Emotion Recognition from Speech Signals

Cognitive Computation - Speech is one of the most natural communication channels for expressing human emotions. Therefore, speech emotion recognition (SER) has been an active area of research with...     

Nonlinear photoresponse of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4 nanocrystals under green CW excitation: a comprehensive study

One of the efficient and well-known upconverting nanomaterials is NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄, which emits photoluminescence at 545 nm and 660 nm under an excitation of 980 nm. Here, the nonlinearity of β-NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄ at 532 nm is investigated using three nonlinear approaches. For the first time, the nonlinear optical conjugation of NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄ nanocrystals is observed using the degenerate four-wave mixing method. In the optical bistability study, the optical hysteresis of NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄ is measured using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer nonlinear ring cavity, and the results of bistability loops show different behaviors at different power regimes. Finally, the Z-scan technique is used for determining the nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients, which are calculated in the order of 10⁻⁴ (cm W⁻¹) and 10⁻⁸ (cm² W⁻¹), respectively. The results indicate that by increasing incident powers, optical behaviour changes in both optical bistability and Z-scan. Therefore, the results exhibit that the β-NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄ nanocrystals have nonlinear photoresponses at both 980 and 532 nm, which could be promising for photonic devices based on NIR light and visible light.

NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄ is an efficient and well-known upconverting nanomaterials at 980 nm, also it has strong optical nonlinearity at 532 nm related to energy states of the Yb/Er system which is determined by a unique approach.     

Is arsenite more toxic than arsenate in plants?

Ecotoxicology - In order to evaluate the differential absorption and toxicity of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), Lemna valdiviana plants were grown in a nutrient solution and subjected to 0.0...     

Optoacoustic detection of tissue glycation

Oxidative-based diseases including diabetes, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders are accompanied by accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Therefore, AGE-associated changes in tissue optical properties could yield a viable pathological indicator for disease diagnostics and monitoring. We investigated whether skin glycation could be detected based on absorption changes associated with AGE accumulation using spectral optoacoustic measurements and interrogated the optimal spectral band for skin glycation determination. Glycated and non-glycated skin was optoacoustically measured at multiple wavelengths in the visible region. The detected signals were spectrally processed and compared to measurements of skin auto-fluorescence and to second harmonic generation multiphoton microscopy images. Optoacoustic measurements are shown to be capable of detecting skin glycolysis based on AGE detection. A linear dependence was observed between optoacoustic intensity and the progression of skin glycation. The findings where corroborated by autofluorescence observations. Detection sensitivity is enhanced by observing normalised tissue spectra. This result points to a ratiometric method for skin glycation detection, specifically at 540 nm and 620 nm. We demonstrate that optoacoustic spectroscopy could be employed to detect AGE accumulation, and possibly can be employed as a non-invasive quick method for monitoring tissue glycation.OCIS codes: (110.5125) Photoacoustics, (170.5810) Scanning microscopy, (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics, (180.4315) Nonlinear microscopy