全文获取类型
收费全文 | 193984篇 |
免费 | 34540篇 |
国内免费 | 2612篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 5540篇 |
儿科学 | 6173篇 |
妇产科学 | 3041篇 |
基础医学 | 8754篇 |
口腔科学 | 2634篇 |
临床医学 | 29530篇 |
内科学 | 58581篇 |
皮肤病学 | 8107篇 |
神经病学 | 17816篇 |
特种医学 | 7939篇 |
外科学 | 49127篇 |
综合类 | 426篇 |
现状与发展 | 72篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 8307篇 |
眼科学 | 3867篇 |
药学 | 4129篇 |
中国医学 | 147篇 |
肿瘤学 | 16945篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 703篇 |
2023年 | 5009篇 |
2022年 | 1694篇 |
2021年 | 3971篇 |
2020年 | 6492篇 |
2019年 | 2813篇 |
2018年 | 8186篇 |
2017年 | 7962篇 |
2016年 | 9136篇 |
2015年 | 9207篇 |
2014年 | 16512篇 |
2013年 | 16818篇 |
2012年 | 7522篇 |
2011年 | 7693篇 |
2010年 | 11596篇 |
2009年 | 15204篇 |
2008年 | 7718篇 |
2007年 | 6065篇 |
2006年 | 8518篇 |
2005年 | 5835篇 |
2004年 | 5127篇 |
2003年 | 4015篇 |
2002年 | 4104篇 |
2001年 | 5480篇 |
2000年 | 4657篇 |
1999年 | 4783篇 |
1998年 | 4236篇 |
1997年 | 3940篇 |
1996年 | 3758篇 |
1995年 | 3583篇 |
1994年 | 2297篇 |
1993年 | 1882篇 |
1992年 | 2381篇 |
1991年 | 2361篇 |
1990年 | 1873篇 |
1989年 | 2082篇 |
1988年 | 1798篇 |
1987年 | 1549篇 |
1986年 | 1635篇 |
1985年 | 1401篇 |
1984年 | 987篇 |
1983年 | 901篇 |
1982年 | 715篇 |
1981年 | 591篇 |
1980年 | 495篇 |
1979年 | 625篇 |
1978年 | 573篇 |
1977年 | 616篇 |
1975年 | 489篇 |
1972年 | 460篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Dr. David M. Euhus MD Lucille Kimura PhD Bruce Arnold MD 《Annals of surgical oncology》1997,4(5):432-439
Background: Mice immunized with murine mammary carcinoma cells genetically engineered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) are rendered resistant
to subsequent challenge with unmodified tumor cells, and in the case of mice bearing established tumors, the rate of development
of pulmonary metastases is reduced. Despite these encouraging animal results, little is known about the induction of antitumor
immunity by IL-2 gene transfer in human breast cancer.
Methods: Adenovirally mediated IL-2 gene transfer was performed in 12 tumor fragment cultures established from seven primary breast
cancers. Autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cocultured with
transduced tumor fragments, and changes in phenotype and cytotoxicity were measured.
Results: IL-2 was never detectable in the untransduced cultures, but it peaked at 5.0—1,324.8 ng/ml in the transduced cultures. Lymphocyte
counts declined in all untransduced cultures, but they increased two- to sevenfold in four transduced cultures. CD4:CD8 ratios
decreased from a mean of 2.11 at baseline to 1.27 after stimulation in coculture (p=0.03). Expansion of lymphocytes expressing
the natural killer cell phenotype (CD3−CD56+) occurred in only one culture, but the CD3+CD56+ population increased in four of six cultures. Lymphocytes from four of 10 cocultures generated significant cytotoxicity against
allogeneic breast cancer cells. Induction of cytotoxicity correlated with expansion of the CD3+CD56+ phenotype (R2=0.805, p=0.02).
Conclusions: IL-2 gene expression by human breast cancer causes expansion of CD3+CD56+ cytotoxic lymphocytes. This phenotype is consistent with that of a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted
cytokine induced killer cell population previously described.
Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the
U.S. Army.
Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996. 相似文献
992.
993.
Kazuya Tamai MD PhD Minoru Yamato MD PhD 《Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ... [et al.]》1997,6(6):534
We studied 16 patients (18 shoulders) with frozen shoulders, 8 patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, and 3 healthy volunteers with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. After intravenous contrast was administered, gradient-recalled echo images were obtained in the oblique coronal plane every 11 to 13 seconds for a total period of 4 to 5 minutes. The signal intensity was measured at the periphery of the glenohumeral joint and in the subacromial bursa. The coefficient of enhancement (percent signal increase per second) in the frozen shoulders was 1.33±0.43 (mean ± SD) for the glenohumeral joint and 0.89±0.47 for the subacromial bursa. These values were far greater than those in subacromial impingement syndrome or in the control group, indicating increased blood flow to the synovium in the frozen shoulders. No previous reports have shown a clinical measure related to the pathophysiology of this disease. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Ron Langevin PhD Jerald Bain MD 《Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment》1992,5(2):99-118
Thirteen diabetic male sex offenders were compared to 13 nondiabetic sex offenders matched on age, education and offense type. A standard battery of tests administered in the assessment of sex offenders was used to compare the two groups. The tests examine sexual history and preference, substance abuse, violence, personality, and neuropsychological impairment. Results showed that diabetics more often than controls complained of impotence and were nonresponders during phallometric testing. Diabetics, as adults, tended to have less sexual experience with adults and more with pubescent females. The two groups did not differ in number of sexual or nonsexual offenses. The diabetics reported more problems controlling their emotions and more often than controls presented in assessment with inappropriate and/or aggressive behavior and poor cooperation. MMPI results showed diabetics to have more overall clinical disturbance than controls including anxiety, health concerns, family problems, authority problems, criminality, confused thinking and ruminating. Diabetics and controls did not differ in reported frequency of violent behavior but the diabetics responded more extremely, given the circumstances. Diabetics tended to show more violence to their own children. The role of diabetes in the relapse cycle model of offending is discussed. 相似文献
997.
998.
M Tanaka E Takeuchi T Watanabe S Tamaki K Tajima T Maseki A Usui Y Hirate M Sawazaki T Abe 《[Zasshi] [Journal]. Nihon Kyōbu Geka Gakkai》1992,40(1):61-65
There is no definitive surgical procedure for acquired lesions of the tricuspid valve (TV). From Feb, 1978, through March, 1990, the surgical treatment for the organic lesions of TV was performed in 10 patients, repair in 6 and TV replacement in 4. TV was repaired by commissurotomy, annuloplasty or valvuloplasty, or combination of them. When residual significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and/or stenosis (TS) was detected by intraoperative pulsed Doppler echocardiography after reparative procedures, TV was replaced. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 12 years (mean, 45.3 months). There was no early death, and late death was noted in one patient 32 months after operation. Preoperatively, 7 patients were in NYHA class IV and 3 in class III. Out of survivors, 7 are in class I and 2 in class II because of progression of mitral stenosis or coronary artery disease. Following surgery, the patients exhibited significant decrease in the cardiothoracic ratio (69.3 +/- 7.2 to 56.9 +/- 6.4%; p less than 0.01) and in the mean right atrial pressure (11.4 +/- 3.6 to 8.6 +/- 3.1 mmHg; p less than 0.05). The postoperative right ventriculography showed mild to moderate TR in 3 of 6 patients who underwent TV repair. In conclusion, TV repair could be a reasonable procedure for the organic TV lesions, although careful follow-up is recommended for residual TR. 相似文献
999.
S Sohen P L Romain D M Rothstein T Yamane S Tanaka P Anderson S F Schlossman C Morimoto 《The Journal of rheumatology》1991,18(11):1649-1654
We analyzed the cell surface phenotype of CD8+ cells in both peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Utilizing the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD45RA, anti-CD29 and anti-S6F1-, one can define both suppressor effector (CD45RA+CD29-S6F1-) and killer effector (CD45RA-CD29+S6F1+) cells within the CD8 population. In patients with OA, normal proportions of CD8+CD45RA+, CD8+CD29+ and CD8+S6F1+ cells were found in both peripheral blood and SF. The peripheral blood of patients with RA, in contrast, showed a decreased percentage of CD8+CD45RA+ cells (13.4 +/- 2.6) (p less than 0.05), but a normal percentage of CD8+CD29+ and CD8+S6F1+ cells. In the SF of patients with RA, we observed a more dramatic decrease in CD8+CD45RA+ suppressor effector cells (6.4 +/- 5.0) (p less than 0.001), a significant increase in killer effector cells as measured by both CD8 + CD29+ (35.5 +/- 9.9) (p less than 0.001) and CD8 + S6F1+ cells (28.2 +/- 11.4) (p less than 0.01). These changes may contribute to the immunologic abnormalities previously noted in this disease and may provide some insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of RA. 相似文献
1000.
Outcome Following Bariatric Surgery in Super versus Morbidly Obese Patients: Does Weight Matter? 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Mark Bloomston MD Emmanuel E Zervos MD Mario A Camps MD Sarah E Goode RN Alexander S Rosemurgy MD 《Obesity surgery》1997,7(5):414-419
Background: Numerous investigators have attempted to identify prognostic indicators for successful outcome following bariatric
surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether degree of obesity affects outcome in super obese [>225% ideal
body weight (IBW)] versus morbidly obese patients (160-225% IBW) undergoing gastric restrictive/bypass procedures. Methods:
Since 1984, 157 patients underwent either gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty. Super obese (78) and morbidly obese
(79) patients were followed prospectively, documenting outcome and complications. Results: Super obese patients reached maximum
weight loss 3 years following bariatric surgery, exhibiting a decrease in body mass index (BMI) from 61 to 39 kg/m2 and an average loss of 42% excess body weight (EBW). Morbidly obese patients had a decrease in BMI from 44 to 31 kg/m2 and carried 39% EBW at 1 year. After their respective nadirs, each group began to regain the lost weight with the super obese
exhibiting a current BMI of 45 kg/m2 (61% EBW) versus 34 kg/m2 (52% EBW) in the morbidly obese at 72 months cumulative follow-up. Currently, loss of 50% or more of EBW occurred in 53%
of super obese patients versus 72% of morbidly obese (P < 0.01). Twenty-six percent of super obese patients returned to within 50% of ideal body weight (IBW) while 71% of morbidly
obese were able to reach this goal (P < 0.01). Co-morbidities and complications related to surgery were similar in each group. Conclusions: Super obese patients
have a greater absolute weight loss after bariatric surgery than do morbidly obese patients. Using commonly utilized measures
of success based on weight, morbidly obese patients tend to have better outcomes following bariatric surgery. 相似文献