食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的研究食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点。方法采用流式细胞技术，对108例食管鳞癌患者（食管鳞癌组）术前检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平，并与50例健康献血者（对照组）对比，分析食管鳞癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点。结果（1）与对照组比较，食管鳞癌组患者外周血CD3^＋ 、NK细胞水平差异无统计学意义（P=0．890；P=0．320）；CD4^＋和CD8^＋水平显著增高（P=0．001；P〈0．001），由于CD8^＋增高的程度大于CDZ增高的程度，使得CDgCDs~较对照组降低（P〈0．001）。（2）早期食管鳞癌患者外周血CD4^＋/CD8^＋低于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P=0．112）；中晚期食管鳞癌患者CDgCDs~进一步降低，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），但与早期食管鳞癌患者相比，差异无统计学意义（P=0．218）。（3）有淋巴结转移食管鳞癌患者CD4^＋和CD4^＋/CD8^＋均低于无淋巴结转移患者（P均〈0．001），CD8^＋和NK细胞均高于无淋巴结转移患者，差异均有统计学意义（P=0．002；P=0．005）。结论食管鳞癌患者存在免疫功能低下，随着肿瘤的进展免疫功能进一步受到削弱；监测CD4^＋/CD8^＋的变化可作为食管鳞癌病情进展的标志之一。     

CD4+CD25+调节T细胞与肿瘤免疫治疗策略

随着分子生物技术的不断发展,肿瘤的生物治疗在临床应用中的地位日渐突出,其中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节T细胞(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cell,Treg)在抑制肿瘤免疫方面起着重要作用,文章就其近年来在肿瘤免疫领域的研究进展作一综述.     

缺血性脑卒中患者阿司匹林抵抗现象及处理策略

阿司匹林作为缺血性脑血管病的一级和二级预防用药，广受关注。然而长期服用阿司匹林的患者仍会发生动脉血栓形成事件，因此本文就阿司匹林抵抗的概念、发生机制、检测方法、预防措施及其在缺血性脑血管病中的临床意义加以综述。     

音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的应用研究

目的：探讨音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的作用。方法：选择在我院实施局麻手术患者120例，随机分为观察组和对照组，两组均进行常规护理，观察组同时在术前、术中、术后收听自己喜欢的音乐。对两组焦虑水平、术中麻醉药用量和术后疼痛程度进行比较。结果：观察组术前SAS评分和焦虑发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），而术后两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术中咪唑安定使用量明显少于对照组（P〈0．05），利多卡因使用量也少于对照组，但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术后疼痛分级明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：在同手术期护理中应用音乐疗法，可以减轻患者焦虑、减少麻醉药用量，缓解疼痛，促进康复。     

上颌窦提升在上颌后牙区萎缩牙槽嵴牙种植术中的应用

目的：探讨上颌窦提升术对上颌后牙区萎缩牙槽嵴患者种植义齿修复的临床应用价值。方法：56例患者植入196枚种植体，患者平均年龄60．6岁。将自体松质骨(Spongiosa)与Bio-OSS混合进行上颌窦提升术，根据情况一期或二期植入种植体。种植体植入后至少6个月，选用适当的上部修复体进行义齿修复。结果：上颌窦提升术后或／和种植体植入术后，创口愈合良好，未见种植体松动或脱落，供骨区和种植术区均未见并发症。术后12个月PTVs最小为-5，X线检查种植体周垂直骨吸收均不超过1mm。种植体全部稳定地行使功能。结论：应用上颌窦提升术对上颌后牙区萎缩牙槽嵴患者进行种植义齿修复有广阔的应用前景。     

Pelvic floor exercises for erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of pelvic floor exercises as a way of restoring erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 55 men aged > 20 years who had experienced erectile dysfunction for > or = 6 months were recruited for a randomized controlled study with a cross-over arm. The men were treated with either pelvic floor muscle exercises (taught by a physiotherapist) with biofeedback and lifestyle changes (intervention group) or they were advised on lifestyle changes only (control group). Control patients who did not respond after 3 months were treated with the intervention. All men were given home exercises for a further 3 months. Outcomes were measured using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), anal pressure measurements and independent (blinded) assessments. RESULTS: After 3 months, the erectile function of men in the intervention group was significantly better than in the control group (P < 0.001). Control patients who were given the intervention also significantly improved 3 months later (P < 0.001). After 6 months, blind assessment showed that 40% of men had regained normal erectile function, 35.5% improved but 24.5% failed to improve. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that pelvic floor exercises should be considered as a first-line approach for men seeking long-term resolution of their erectile dysfunction.     

Multispectral analysis of magnetic resonance images

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems produce spatial distribution estimates of proton density, relaxation time, and flow, in a two dimensional matrix form that is analogous to that of the image data obtained from multispectral imaging satellites. Advanced NASA satellite image processing offers sophisticated multispectral analysis of MR images. Spin echo and inversion recovery pulse sequence images were entered in a digital format compatible with satellite images and accurately registered pixel by pixel. Signatures of each tissue class were automatically determined using both supervised and unsupervised classification. Overall tissue classification was obtained in the form of a theme map. In MR images of the brain, for example, the classes included CSF, gray matter, white matter, subcutaneous fat, muscle, and bone. These methods provide an efficient means of identifying subtle relationships in a multi-image MR study.