Comparative study of CD4 and CD45RO T cells and CD20 B cells in cerebrospinal fluid of syphilitic meningitis and tuberculous meningitis patients

This study was to investigate the differences of lymphocyte in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with syphilis meningitis (SM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) for new diagnostic insights. Totally, 79 cases of SM and 45 cases of TBM were enrolled. In the CSF, the CD4, CD45RO or CD20 positive lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry. The proportion of CD4 T cells in the CSF lymphocytes in patients with SM was significantly higher than that in patients with TBM (p < 0.05). After medical therapy, there was a significantly decline trend of the CD4 T‐cell proportion in both groups (p < 0.05). The proportion of CD45RO T cells in CSF lymphocytes of patients with SM was less than that of patients with TBM (p < 0.05). After medical therapy, the positive ratio of CD45RO T cells was increased in the CSF of both group patients (p < 0.05). The proportion of CD20B cells in the CSF lymphocytes was not obviously different between the two groups during every stage. In conclusion, there are strong differences of CD4 and CD45RO T‐cell ratio, but not the CD20 B cells in the meningitis. CD4 and CD45RO T cells in CSF are a useful complement in differentially diagnosing SM and TBM; it contributes to further understand the pathogenesis and prognosis of SM and TBM.     

SOX1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and invasion through suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway

Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. Several studies have demonstrated that SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box (SOX) family genes serve as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in different cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of SOX1 on the breasted cancer cell growth and invasion. In this study, we established overexpressed SOX1 and investigated its function by in vitro experiments. SOX1 was down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SOX1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and it promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SOX1 inhibited the expression of β‐catenin, cyclin D1, and c‐Myc in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SOX1 can function as a tumor suppressor partly by interfering with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in breast cancer.     

Impetigo‐Like Tinea Faciei Around the Nostrils Caused by Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Identified Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Sequencing of Crusts

We report a case of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (a teleomorph of Trichophyton interdigitale) infection around the nostrils in a 3‐year‐old girl. The culture was negative, so the pathogenic agent was identified using polymerase chain reaction–based sequencing of the crusts taken from the lesion on the nostril. Treatment with oral itraconazole and topical 1% naftifine/0.25% ketoconazole cream after a topical wash with ketoconazole shampoo was effective.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans levels in piglet liver with various diseases

This study deals with the levels of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin and furan congeners (PCDD/Fs) in the livers of piglets affected by infectious diseases using isotope dilution high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Seventeen toxic congeners in the liver samples infected with bacterial and viral diseases were compared. For porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) samples, the North American‐ and European‐type PRRS diseases were observed. This study shows that there are significantly different levels of PCDD/Fs, present, which vary according to the types of diseases as evidenced by our analysis of the piglet liver samples.     

Neurometabolic profiles of the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP‐intoxicated common marmosets: An in vivo proton MRS study at 9.4 T

Given the strong coupling between the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) in the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet only a few studies reported to date that have simultaneously investigated the neurochemistry of these two brain regions in vivo, we performed longitudinal metabolic profiling in the SN and STR of 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐intoxicated common marmoset monkey models of PD (n = 10) by using proton MRS (¹H–MRS) at 9.4 T. T₂ relaxometry was also performed in the SN by using MRI. Data were classified into control, MPTP_2weeks, and MPTP_6‐10 weeks groups according to the treatment duration. In the SN, T₂ of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group was lower than that of the control group (44.33 ± 1.75 versus 47.21 ± 2.47 ms, p < 0.05). The N‐acetylaspartate to total creatine ratio (NAA/tCr) and γ‐aminobutyric acid to tCr ratio (GABA/tCr) of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group were lower than those of the control group (0.41 ± 0.04 versus 0.54 ± 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.19 ± 0.03 versus 0.30 ± 0.09 (p < 0.05), respectively). The glutathione to tCr ratio (GSH/tCr) was correlated with T₂ for the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group (r = 0.83, p = 0.04). In the STR, however, GABA/tCr of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group was higher than that of the control group (0.25 ± 0.10 versus 0.16 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). These findings may be an in vivo depiction of the altered basal ganglion circuit in PD brain resulting from the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and disruption of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. Given the important role of non‐human primates in translational studies, our findings provide better understanding of the complicated evolution of PD.