Detection of Gene Alteration for Color Vision Defects by Polymerase Chain Reaction

According to the fact that the abnormalities of visual pigment genes were always involved in the changing of the exon 5, two oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the exon 5 of red pigment gene and green pigment gene. After electrophoresis of the PCR products digested with Rsal or Sau3A, the DNA fragments from the exon 5 of red pigment gene (RPG) and green pigment gene (GPG) were separated since there are different restriction endonuclease sites. On the other hand, we analyzed the exon 5 related fragment by Southern blot hybridization with probe out of the 3'end of the fourth in-tron of green pigment gene. The results of PCR are consistent with nucleic acid hybridization. PCR technique will be of value in prenatal evaluation and genetic counselling.     

煤尘细胞毒性与金属元素含量的关系

煤尘对肺巨噬细胞具有一定毒性,使细胞存活率降低。煤尘中金属元素含量较低。经相关分析,八个煤矿煤尘的细胞存活率与各矿煤尘中的26种金属元素含量和游离SiO_2含量相关不显著。     

重组α-干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎时干扰素中和抗体的产生及影响因素

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the generation of neutralizing anti-interferon-alpha antibodies (NA) in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the course of interferon-alpha treatment, and analyze the factors influencing the production of the antibodies. METHODS: A total of 181 patients with histologically confirmed chronic hepatitis B were enrolled in this study. Recombinant interferon-alpha 1b (rIFN-alpha 1b) was given subcutaneously 3 times a week (5 MU once) in a treatment course lasting for 6 to 37 months (median 10.0 months). In each case, serum NA was detected with antiviral neutralization bioassay, HBeAg with enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and hepatitis B virus DNA with fluorescent quantitative PCR every 1 to 3 months starting from 3 months after the initiation of the treatment. RESULTS: Of the 181 patients, 61 were positive for NA during the treatment course, resulting in an overall NA occurrence rate of 33.7%. The overall incidence rate, as well as the overall prevalence rate, was significantly higher in male than in female patients (39.1% vs 20.8%, (2)=5.622, P=0.018), and no correlations of NA generation was observed with age, pretreatment serum ALT level, serum HBeAg, serum HBV DNA level, liver histological findings or treatment course. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the only factor in relation with NA production was gender. The prevalence rates of NA varied significantly with the treatment courses ( (2)=98.051, P=0.000). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the prevalence rate of NA, but not the incidence of NA, was strongly related with the treatment course (r=0.855, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with rIFN-alpha 1b, the prevalence rate of NA, instead of the incidence of NA, is significantly related to the treatment course. NA was more likely to develop in male patients to contribute to their poorer antiviral response in comparison with the female patients.     

高效液相色谱法测定糖浆剂中扑尔敏与伪麻黄碱的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定了抗感冒糖浆剂中扑尔敏与伪麻黄碱的含量。方法以扑热息痛做内标，扑尔敏的回收率为９９．４３％（ｎ＝５），伪麻黄碱的回收率为９９．６４％（ｎ＝５）。     

Operable squamous esophageal cancer: Current results from the East

From 1958 through 1992 a total of 3603 patients underwent surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in our department. Among these patients 3099 resections were performed, for an overall resectability of 86.0%. Of the resections, 2341 (75.5%) were classified as curative and 758 (24.5%) palliative. The overall morbidity and 30-day mortality rates were 23.4% and 3.8%, respectively. For resected cases the mortality was 4.0%. The more than 5-year follow-up rate of patients with resection was 97%. The actual 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 30.4%, 23.6%, and 17.9%, respectively. Recurrence or metastasis remained the cause of death in 60.9% and 25.5% of patients who lived longer than 5 years and 15 years, respectively, after operation. The TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, extraesophageal invasion, tumor differentiation, tumor length, and category of operation were major determinants influencing long-term prognosis. The left thoracotomy approach was used exclusively in 2613 cases (84.3% of all resected cases) in which intrathoracic resections and anastomoses were performed. The stomach was used as a substitute for the esophagus in 98.8% of the resected cases compared with 1.2% colon transplants. The former procedure was far safer than the latter. Above-average results presented in this paper support the surgical policy we have pursued thus far: to resect the primary tumor by partial or subtotal esophagectomy and to remove all lymph nodes wherever they were found in all patients with disease earlier than stage III. Early detection and early treatment no doubt are the only ways to materially improve the long-term surgical results.

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Resumen Entre 1958 y 1992, 3.603 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía por carcinoma escamocelular del esófago en nuestro departamento; se efectuaron 3.099 resecciones, para una tasa global de resectabilidad de 86%. De las resecciones, 2.341 (75.5%) fueron clasificadas como curativas y 758 (24.5%) como paliatives. Las tasas globales de morbilidad y de mortalidad a 30 días fueron 23.4% y 3.8%, respectivamente.La mortalidad para los casos resecados fue 4.0%. La rata de seguimiento para los pacientes operados más de 5 años atrás fue 97%. Las tasas actuariales de sobrevida a 5, 10 y 15 años fueron 30.4%, 23.6% y 17.9% respectivamente.La recidiva y las metástasis se mantuvieron como causas de muerte en 60.9% y 25.5% respectivamente de los pacientes que sobrevivieron más de 5 años y 15 años luego de la operación.La estadificación TNM, las metástasis ganglionares, la invasión extraesofagiana, el grado de diferenciacíon tumoral, la longitud del tumor y la categoría de la operación fueron los principales factores determinantes de pronóstico a largo plazo.Se utilizó el abordaje por toracotomía izquierda exclusiva en 2.613 casos (84.3% de la totalidad de casos resecados) en los cuales se efectuó resección intratorácica con anastomosis. El estómago fue utilizado como sustituto del esófago en 98.8% de los casos resecados, en contraste con el trasplante de colon que se hizo en 1.2% de los casos. El uso del estómago como sustituto es, por mucho, un procedimiento bastante más seguro.

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Résumé Entre 1958 et 1992, 3603 patients ont été opérés d'un cancer épidermoïde de l'oesophage. Parmi eux, 3099 résections ont pu être effectuées avec un taux de résecabilité de 86%. Parmi ces résections, 2341 (75.5%) ont été considérées comme curatives, et 758 (24.5%) ont été considérées comme palliatives. La morbidité et la mortalité à 30 jours ont été respectivement de 23.4% et de 3.8%. En cas de résection, la mortalité a été de 4%. Quatre-vingt dix-sept pourcent des patients ont été suivis pendant plus de 5 ans. Les taux de survie actuarielle à 5, 10 et 15 ans ont été respectivement de 30.4%, 23.6%, et 17.9%. La récidive ou les métastases ont été la cause principale de décès chez 60.9% et 25.5% des patients ayant vécu plus de 5 et 15 ans après l'opération. Le stade TMN, l'existence de métastases ganglionnaires, l'extension extraoesophagienne, la différentiation tumorale, la longueur de la tumeur et le type de l'intervention ont été des déterminants majeurs du pronostic. Une thoracotomie gauche a été utilisée exclusivement chez 2613 patients (84.3% de toutes les résections en cas de résection et anastomoses intrathoraciques). Une gastroplastie a été utilisée chez 98.8% des cas de résection et un transplant colique seulement dans 1.2% des cas. II n'y avait aucune différence entre les deux en ce qui concerne les complications. Les résultats nettement au-dessus de la moyenne dans cette série sont en faveur de la chirurgie: réséquant la tumeur primitive par une oesophagectomie totale ou subtotale, accompagnée d'un curage lymphatique aussi complet que possible chez les patients stade III ou moins. La détection et le traitement précoces sont sans doute les seules façons d'améliorer les résultats à long terme.

     

卧位电子线全身照射的剂量分布

对Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤等广泛的皮肤病变患者采用仰卧和俯卧的电子线全身疗法。加速器光阑开到最大，不加限光筒。治疗时沿患者纵轴，３～４个野覆盖全长，机架对两种体位顺时针、逆时针４５°各照１次。用胶片法检测相邻野间的剂量均匀性，未见明显的剂量热点和冷点。用热释光剂量计等间隔地分布在人体模型６个不同体层上，６０个测试点结果表明全身剂量均匀性在±１０％以内。     

Viral etiology of chronic cervicitis and its therapeutic response to a recombinant interferon.

Chronic cervicitis was shown to be related to papillomavirus type 16(HPV-16), herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections as demonstrated by DNA hybridization technique and virus isolation method from samples taken from erosive and normal cervices. After one course of treatment with recombinant interferon alpha 1 (rIFN-alpha 1), 93.8% of cases showed clinical improvement and 60% marked improvement. The HPV-16 and HSV detection rates dropped down significantly after rIFN-alpha 1 treatment as compared with those before treatment. Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese herbal drug, was shown to be synergic to interferon therapy.

     

血浆内皮素—1,醛固酮在肾病综合征患儿钠潴留中的作用

为探讨血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和醛固酮（Ａｌｄ）在肾病综合征患者儿钠潴留中的作用，对１４例肾病综合征患者儿在水肿期和消肿期的血浆ＥＴ－１、Ａｌｄ及血清渗透压、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、Ｎａ＾＋的变化了观测。结果显示患儿水肿期血浆ＥＴ－１比消肿期显著性升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），水肿期血浆Ａｌｄ与消肿期无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；血浆ＥＴ－１与血清Ｎａ＾＋呈直线正相关（ｒ＝０．４８６，Ｐ〈０．０１），与血清Ａｌ     

烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性

目的：通过检测居民厨房内烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性作用，为全面评价烹调烟雾对健康的危害提供依据。方法：应用ＭＴＴ法检测以菜油为食用油的烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性作用。结果：不同浓度烹调烟雾冷凝物受试组间的ＯＤ值存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０００１）；各受试浓度组与ＤＭＳＯ对照组进行比较，受试浓度在１２５μｇ·ｍｌ１以上时，各受试组与ＤＭＳＯ对照组的ＯＤ值都存在显著性差异，而且各浓度组与对照组的ＯＤ值之差随测试浓度的升高而递增。结论：烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞具有一定的毒性作用，并且存在剂量－反应关系。