Differential roles of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation in induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia in rats with painful peripheral mononeuropathy

Central activation of excitatory amino acid receptors has been implicated in neuropathic pain following nerve injury. In a rat model of painful peripheral mononeuropathy, we compared the effects of non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists (MK 801 and HA966) and a non-NMDA receptor antagonist (CNQX) on induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the rat common sciatic nerve. Thermal hyperalgesia to radiant heat was assessed by using a foot-withdrawal test and NMDA/non-NMDA receptor antagonists were administered intrathecally onto the lumbar spinal cord before and after nerve injury. Four daily single treatments with 20 nmol HA966 or CNQX beginning 15 min prior to nerve ligation (pre-injury treatment), reliably reduced thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 after nerve ligation. Thermal hyperalgesia was also reduced in CCI rats receiving a single post-injury treatment with HA966 (20 or 80 nmol) or MK 801 (5 or 20 nmol) on day 3 after nerve ligation when thermal hyperalgesia was well developed. In contrast, a single post-injury CNQX (20 or 80 nmol) treatment failed to reduce thermal hyperalgesia or to potentiate effects of HA966 or MK 801 (5 or 20 nmol) on thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Moreover, multiple post-injury CNQX treatments utilizing the same dose regime as employed for the pre-injury treatment attenuated thermal hyperalgesia but only when the treatment began 1 or 24 h (but not 72 h) after nerve ligation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

肱骨远端全骺分离骨折(附12例报告)

肱骨远端全骺分离骨折为儿童肘部损伤中少见损伤,常与肱骨髁上骨折和婴幼儿的肘关节脱位相混淆。本文报告12例,占同期肱骨远端骨骺损伤的7.1%。12例中骨骺内移9例、外科3例。根据X线片和手术发现,属Salter-Harris Ⅰ型8例、Ⅱ型3例、Ⅴ型1例。骨骺碎裂为2块或3块者4例,其中1例兼有压缩。手法复位5例,手法整复失败或陈旧损伤,行切开复位7例。结果6例满意、3例较好,3例肘关节活动受限明显。12例中肘内翻5°～14°者4例,前臂无不稳现象。本文还就病因、损伤机理、诊断和鉴别诊断等问题进行了讨论。     

病案质量整体管理的做法

病案质量是衡量临床工作质量的重要标志。目前，因重效益轻质量、重科研轻临床现象突出，致病案质量有所下降。因此，应加强病案质量整体管理，建立医院、科室、个人三级病案质量控制体系；以病案内涵质量为核心内容，制定完善科学的病案质量评价标准；加强岗前培训，抓人员素质的提高；强化病案过程质量管理和终末质量管理，重视病案质量信息反馈作用。     

离子色谱法测定硫酸软骨素的含量

建立了用离子色谱法测定硫酸软骨素的方法。在６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中将硫酸软骨素水解生成等摩尔的硫酸根离子，然后用ＡｎｉｏｎＨＣ离子色谱柱进行分离，以硼酸钠／葡萄糖酸钠淋洗液为流动相，流速１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，电导检测器检测。硫酸根离子在０．００１～０．０８０ｍｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为０．９９９４，最低检测浓度为０．０００６ｍｇ／ｍｌ。样品中硫酸根离子的加样回收率为９８．５１％～９９．５２％，硫酸软骨素原料药和注射液及鲨鱼软骨粉胶囊中硫酸软骨素测定的相对标准偏差分别为０．２５％，１．０６％和１．９６％。该方法已应用于多种硫酸软骨素制剂中硫酸软骨素的含量测定     

丁胱亚磺酰亚胺排空组织谷胱甘肽对大鼠心肌谷胱甘肽系统的影响

目的:观察采用谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶抑制剂--丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(BSO)排空大鼠心肌谷胱甘肽(GSH)是否影响大鼠心肌组织GSH的稳态,以及是否对GSH代谢相关酶活性及mRNA表达产生影响.方法:采用长时间力竭运动、注射BSO排空GSH两种实验模型,比较对照组与注射BSO组SD大鼠心肌在静息状态和长时间力竭运动后GSH状态及其代谢变化.结果:注射BSO 8天后,大鼠心脏GSH含量分别为对照组?%,且GSH的下降伴随着氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)的下降,GSH/GSSG的比值无显著变化.GSH排空导致GSH代谢酶活性发生适应性变化,注射BSO后心肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性与对照组相比显著下降(P < 0.001).注射BSO组与对照组相比,心肌谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性显著增加(P < 0.05).注射BSO力竭组与注射BSO组相比,心肌GGT活性显著增加(P < 0.001),心肌注射BSO抑制γ-谷氨酰半胱酸合成酶(GCS)活性,注射BSO力竭组大鼠心肌GCS mRNA表达量高于注射BSO组,表明极度排空谷胱甘肽后,GCS mRNA表达量的增加可能是机体产生的应激反应.     

Validation of the Taiwan Birth Registry using obstetric records.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Birth certificates are a major source of population-based data often used in maternal and child health research, but their value depends upon the level of accuracy of the data. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the birth registry data in Taiwan. METHODS: Obstetric records of a total of 2779 infants born at a municipal hospital in Taipei between 1995 and 1997 were abstracted and linked to the Taiwan Birth Registry (TBR). Concordance was presented by agreement percentages for various birth characteristics including gender, birth order, birth weight, and gestational age. Concordance was further assessed using Cohen's k and sensitivity/specificity for both birth weight and gestational age, with both variables categorized according to their customary definitions. RESULTS: Missing data for specific items in the TBR ranged from 0% (gender) to 1.6% (birth order). The birth registry accurately reported all 4 selected items, with the highest and lowest concordance percentage noted for gender (99.0%) and gestational age (88.3%), respectively. The level of agreement indicated by the Cohen's k statistic ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 for birth weight and gestational age when both variables were treated as categorical variables. CONCLUSIONS: The TBR showed a low rate of missing information and high levels of validity for the elements frequently used in maternal and child health research in Taiwan.     

力学刺激对3月龄骨质疏松大鼠成骨细胞增殖与合成功能的影响

探讨周期性双轴力学应变对成骨细胞增殖与分化合成功能的影响。将正常 3月龄雌性 SD大鼠和骨质疏松大鼠颅顶骨分离的成骨细胞分别在含 10 %胎牛血清的 F- 12培养液中培养 ,并接种在双轴力学应变装置中。当细胞生长至亚融合状态 (Subconfluence) ,给细胞施加力学刺激 ,频率为 1Hz,力学刺激分别为 4 0 0、10 0 0、4 0 0 0μ strain;作用时间分别为每天 30 m in,2、4、8h,共加载两天。以未受力学刺激的细胞为对照组 ,受力学刺激的细胞为实验组 ,并进行比较。采用流式细胞技术测定细胞增殖变化 ;采用同位素标记方法检测成骨细胞骨钙素、I型胶原 C端前肽 (PICP)和总蛋白的分泌量。结果表明 :1)在静态培养条件下 ,3ovx组与 3control组比较 ,其细胞功能活性无明显变化 ,但 3ovx组大鼠成骨细胞增殖活性明显增高 ,这与绝经后骨质疏松骨代谢的高转换率相一致。 2 )4 0 0、10 0 0 μstrain力学刺激可以促进 3control组成骨细胞 I型胶原、骨钙素和总蛋白的分泌量增加 ,促进成骨细胞的分化成熟 ;在 10 0 0μstrain力学刺激下 ,成骨细胞合成骨基质的能力增加最为明显。同时 ,在 4 0 0、10 0 0μstrain力学刺激的初期也可以促进成骨细胞的增殖 ,而促进成骨细胞的分化成熟的作用大于促进细胞增殖的作用。 3)在4 0 0 0 μ     

缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南

这份新声明旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的缺血性卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐，循证推荐包括对危险因素的控制，动脉粥样硬化性疾病的干预措施，心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性卒中抗血小板药的应用。另外，还为其他多种特殊情况下复发性卒中的预防提供了推荐、包括动脉夹层分离、卵圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、女性卒中（特别是与妊娠和绝经后激素替代治疗相关卒中），脑出血后肮凝药的应用，以及该指南在高危人群中执行和应用的特殊措施。     

Interaction of misonidazole, hyperthermia, and irradiation in a C3H mammary carcinoma and its surrounding skin in vivo.

The interaction of irradiation, Misonidazole (MISO), and hyperthermia was studied in a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and its surrounding skin in vivo. MISO (0.5-1.0 mg/g) was injected 30 min before irradiation. Hyperthermia (41.5 degrees-43.5 degrees C for 60 min) was given either simultaneously, 0.5 hr, or 4 hr after X rays. The results were evaluated as the radiation dose to achieve tumor control (TCD50) or moist desquamation of the skin (DD50) in half of the treated animals. A therapeutic gain was found when the enhancement in tumors were greater than that found in skin. The combination of simultaneous heat and irradiation caused great enhancement in radiation response, but with no therapeutic gain. A slightly lower enhancement of the damage in both tissues was found with a 30 min interval between irradiation and hyperthermia, whereas heat 4 hr after X rays gave a small, but significant therapeutic gain. MISO significantly enhanced the response in tumors but not in skin. Combined trimodality treatment with MISO, irradiation, and hyperthermia resulted in enhancement ratios up to 15, dependent on temperature, radiation-heat interval, and to a lesser extent the MISO dose. The enhancement was for all schedules most pronounced in the tumors, resulting in an improved therapeutic effect. The combination of MISO and hyperthermia may be a valuable addition to radiotherapy, especially if heat and irradiation can be applied with close interval and with one of the modalities given selectively to the tumor.