精索静脉曲张手术疑似失败一例报告及再手术指证探讨

本文报告一例精索静脉曲张手术疑似失败病例的处理经过。患者双侧精索静脉曲张(左侧Ⅲ度,右侧Ⅱ度)伴局部疼痛不适及精液质量严重异常,行腹腔镜双侧精索静脉高位结扎术,术后2个月自觉局部坠胀、疼痛症状明显缓解,但双侧阴囊的迂曲较术前更加明显,疑似手术失败并再次入院。经临床和实验室检查后,发现患者无明确手术失败证据,选择对症治疗而避免再次手术。观察等待3个月后复诊,患者临床表现(鞘膜积液及坠胀感)减轻,实验室检查精液质量改善,超声检查乏氏动作后双侧精索静脉未见返流,双侧睾丸鞘膜未见明显积液,进一步确诊术后症状为术后暂时性侧枝循环建立不佳所致,而这种情况在同类手术中比较常见。综合本病例及文献报道,我们建议要严格掌握再手术的指证:明确的复发征象(与体位相关的精索静脉曲张及血液返流);患者的原始诉求(疼痛不适、精液质量异常)仍然存在且无改善。难以判断者,建议观察等待,以避免不必要的再次手术。通常术后应观察3~6个月再进行综合判定。     

急性心肌梗死和心房纤维性颤动患者CD62P、CD63与vWF检测的意义

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)和心房纤维性颤动(AF)患者血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63与vWF临床检测的意义。方法采用流式细胞技术和夹心酶免疫吸附试验检测AMI和AF患者CD63、CD62P和vWF的变化。结果 AMI和AF患者的CD62P分别为11．29％和8．72％、CD63分别为8．72％和2．66％，明显高于对照组(3．37％和1．32％)，AMI组的vWF为167．83％，明显高于对照组(102．71％)，AF组为117．05％，与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论急性心肌梗死和心房纤维性颤动患者CD62P和CD63的表达水平明显增高，进一步证实CD62P和CD63为血栓形成的血小板活性物质，参与血栓性疾病的促凝血作用。     

An alternative extrinsic pathway of human blood coagulation

To study the interrelationships of the major human coagulation pathways, factor X activation in normal and various deficient human plasmas was evaluated when clotting was triggered by dilute rabbit or human thromboplastin. Various dilutions of thromboplastin were added to plasma samples containing 3H-labeled factor X, and the time course of factor X activation was determined. At a 1/250 dilution of rabbit brain thromboplastin the rate of factor X activation in factor VIII or factor IX deficient plasma was only 10% of the activation rate seen for normal or factor XI deficient plasma. Reconstitution of the deficient plasmas with factors VIII or IX, respectively, restored normal factor X activation. Similar results were obtained when various dilutions of human thromboplastin replaced the rabbit thromboplastin. From these experiments, it is inferred that normal activation of factor X in plasma due to dilute thromboplastin requires factors VII, IX and VIII. An alternative extrinsic pathway that involves factors VII, IX, and VIII may be a major physiologic extrinsic pathway, and this pathway may help to explain the clinical observations of bleeding diatheses in patients deficient in factors IX or VIII.     

Minor histocompatibility antigens HA-1-, -2-, and -4-, and HY-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones inhibit human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth by a mechanism that is dependent on direct cell-cell contact

HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may be complicated by graft-versus-host disease or graft rejection. Both complications are thought to be initiated by recognition of minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens by HLA-restricted mH-antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Using HLA- A2-restricted mH antigens HA-1-, -2-, and -4-, and HY-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, we studied the recognition by these CTL clones of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated T cells (IL-2 blasts), BM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We showed that, when IL-2 blasts from the BM donors who were investigated were recognized by the HA-1-, -2-, and -4-, and HY- specific CTL clones, their BMMNCs and HPCs were recognized as well by these CTL clones, resulting in antigen-specific growth inhibition of erythrocyte burst-forming units (BFU-E), colony-forming units- granulocyte (CFU-G), and CFU-macrophage (CFU-M). the HA-2-specific CTL clone, however, inhibited BFU-E and CFU-G growth from four donors to a lesser extent than from two other donors. We further investigated whether inhibitory cytokines released into the culture medium by the antigen-specific stimulated CTLs or by stimulated BMMNCs were responsible for suppression of HPC growth or whether this effect was caused by direct cell-cell contact between CTLs and HPCs. HPC growth inhibition was only observed after preincubation of BMMNCs and CTLs together for 4 hours before plating the cells in semisolid HPC culture medium. When no cell-cell contact was permitted before plating, neither antigen-stimulated CTL nor antigen-nonstimulated CTLs provoked HPC growth inhibition. Culturing BMMNCs in the presence of supernatants harvested after incubation of BMMNCs and CTL clones together for 4 or 72 hours did also not result in HPC growth inhibition. Both suppression of HPC growth and lysis of IL-2 blasts and BMMNCs in the 51Cr-release assay appeared to be dependent on direct cell-cell contact between target cells and CTLs and were not caused by the release of inhibitory cytokines into the culture medium by antigen-specific stimulated CTLs or by stimulated BMMNCs. Our results show that mH-antigen-specific CTLs can inhibit HPC growth by a direct cytolytic effect and may therefore be responsible for BM graft rejection after HLA-identical BMT.     

Cancer-protective effect of a synbiotic combination between Lactobacillus gasseri 505 and a Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract on colitis-associated colorectal cancer

ABSTRACT

Previously, a synbiotic combination of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (LG) and a new prebiotic, Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) in fermented milk, designated FCT, showed an in vitro immunomodulatory effect and antioxidant activity. Although synbiotic combination might have cancer-protective effects, these activities have not been fully validated in vivo. Ten-week treatment of LG, CT, or FCT to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model reduced both the incidence of colonic tumors and damage to the colonic mucosa effectively, suggesting a cancer-protective effect. To understand these, biomarkers associated with inflammation, colon barrier, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation were monitored in AOM/DSS group versus LG/CT/FCT groups. A synbiotic combination (FCT) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammation-associated enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, colon barrier experiment revealed that biomarkers of mucus layer (MUC-2 and TFF3) and tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) were up-regulated. Subsequent apoptosis experiment showed that pro-apoptotic factors (p53, p21, and Bax) were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were down-regulated. Furthermore, comparative metagenome analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Staphylococcus decreased but Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia increased, supporting their protective effects, accompanied by increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Taken together, the FCT administration showed cancer-protective effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Consequently, the synbiotic combination (FCT) could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC.     

Two cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, manifested as solid pseudopapillary tumor and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm]

Compared with other types of cancers, pancreatic cancer is one of the most dreadful malignancies and is fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in Korea. It is difficult to expect early diagnosis or improvement in prognosis due to lack of specific early symptoms and effective diagnostic methods. Whereas cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare type of pancreatic tumor, surgical resection provides good prognosis because of its low possibility of local invasion or distant metastasis. In case of pancreatic cystic tumor, radiologic differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial for the selection of appropriate treatment and the prediction of prognosis. And ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas presenting in cystic form is an uncommon type of cystic tumor, making it extremely rare among all pancreatic malignancies. We report two cases of atypical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma presenting as solid pseudopapillary tumor and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, respectively.     

综合护理干预对肝癌介入治疗患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨对肝癌介入治疗患者实施综合护理干预对患者生活质量的影响。方法将采用放射介入治疗的肝癌患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组50例和观察组50例,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施不舒适原因评估、心理干预、休息指导、饮食指导、健康教育、训练放松、术后药物反应和并发症护理等综合护理。观察比较两组患者术后不良反应发生情况和护理效果。结果术后两组患者化疗药物不良反应比较,观察组患者恶心呕吐、穿刺处出血、排尿或排便困难的发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为11．947,4．000,6．618;P＜0．05）。观察组患者对术后不良反应的耐受情况、对介入治疗知识的掌握、生活质量的改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为13．301,19．869,4．762;P＜0．05）。结论综合护理干预能减轻患者身心压力,减少术后不良反应,提高生活质量,值得推广应用。