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11.
12.
Proliferative lesions of oviduct and uterus in CD-1 mice exposed prenatally to tamoxifen 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used as adjuvant breast cancer therapy after
surgery and as a chemopreventive agent in women of child-bearing age.
However, TAM therapy has been shown to result in an increased incidence of
endometrial carcinoma in women. The present study was designed to
investigate the effects of TAM (5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg body wt) given i.g.
to pregnant CD-1 mice (1x/day, days 12 through 18 of gestation) on their
female offspring. Progressive proliferative hyperplasia of the oviduct was
frequently seen in TAM-exposed offspring, reaching 100% incidence by 52
weeks in both treatment groups. These females also developed progressive
proliferative uterine lesions, including moderate/severe cystic endometrial
hyperplasia (34-50%) and polypoid adenomas (27-30%) between 53 and 78
weeks. Deciduomas (15%) occurred at young ages (12 and 24 weeks) while
leiomyomas (14%), a malignant leiomyosarcoma, and ovarian granulosa cell
tumors (14%), were found between 72 and 78 weeks. Our findings thus suggest
a strong association between transplacental TAM and reproductive tract
abnormalities in female CD-1 mice.
相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet developed in the 1920s for the treatment of children with difficult to control seizures. Despite advances in both the pharmacotherapy and the surgery of epilepsy, many children continue to have difficult-to-control seizures. This prospective study sought to determine the ketogenic diet's effectiveness and tolerability in children refractory to today's medications. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive children, ages 1 to 16 years, virtually all of whom continued to have more than two seizures per week despite adequate therapy with at least two anticonvulsant medications, were prospectively enrolled in this study, treated with the ketogenic diet, and followed for a minimum of 1 year. Seizure frequency was tabulated from patients' daily seizure calendars and seizure reduction calculated as percentage of baseline frequency. Adverse events and reasons for diet discontinuation were recorded. RESULTS: The children (mean age, 5.3 years), averaged 410 seizures per month before the diet, despite an exposure to a mean of 6.2 antiepileptic medications. Three months after diet initiation, 83% of those starting remained on the diet and 34% had >90% decrease in seizures. At 6 months, 71% still remained on the diet and 32% had a >90% decrease in seizures. At 1 year, 55% remained on the diet and 27% had a >90% decrease in seizure frequency. Most of those discontinuing the diet did so because it was either insufficiently effective or too restrictive. Seven percent stopped because of intercurrent illness. CONCLUSIONS: The ketogenic diet should be considered as alternative therapy for children with difficult-to-control seizures. It is more effective than many of the new anticonvulsant medications and is well tolerated by children and families when it is effective. 相似文献
14.
Two girls (a 5 year old and a 21 month old) experiencing mononucleosis syndrome with coincidental human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are described. One patient had primary HHV-7 infection and reactivated EBV infection. The other had primary HHV-7 and EBV infections. These cases indicated that HHV-7 is capable of inducing infectious mononucleosis-like illness. Multiple herpesvirus infection in one of the patients also suggests that interaction among herpesviruses can occur in vivo. The consequence of this interaction may have clinical implications. 相似文献
15.
Franga DL Kratz JM Crumbley AJ Zellner JL Stroud MR Crawford FA 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2000,70(3):813-8; discussion 819
BACKGROUND: Dialysis patients frequently present with debilitating coronary artery disease but are regarded as challenging patients for coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: The operative, early postoperative, and late results of 44 dialysis patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from 1984 to 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Compared with patients in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, only cerebrovascular accident and postoperative cardiac arrest occurred more frequently in dialysis patients. However, 73% experienced some type of complication. Operative mortality was 11.4%. Decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and severe distal disease were predictive of increased operative mortality. New York Heart Association angina class fell from 2.8 to 1.5, and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure class fell from 2.6 to 1.8. Overall quality-of-life scores did not improve; however, walking distances remained consistently improved. Actuarial survival at 5 years was 32.0%+/-12.0%. Five-year survival was 0% for smokers and 83.6%+/-7.6% for nonsmokers (p = 0.0142). Causes of late death were myocardial infarction (4), sepsis (1), subdural hematoma (1), stroke (1), and unknown (6). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting should be avoided in dialysis patients with severe diffuse disease. A smoking history is associated with poor outcome. Coronary artery bypass grafting in dialysis patients is associated with a higher incidence of complications but can be performed with an acceptable operative mortality and is associated with good symptomatic relief of angina and heart failure. 相似文献
16.
17.
Acute rejection in the elderly recipient: Influence of age in the outcome of kidney transplantation 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Palomar R Ruiz JC Zubimendi JA Cotorruelo JG de Francisco AL Rodrigo E Sanz S Fernández-Fresnedo G Arias M 《International urology and nephrology》2002,33(1):145-148
Since the immune response in older recipientsis weaker they should be less likely to rejecta transplanted organ and should need lessaggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Our aimwas to record the incidence and severity ofepisodes of acute rejection (AR), estimate theinfluence of these events on graft survival ofelderly recipients (60) and to comparethese with that in younger ones.We performed 363 kidney transplants between1/94 and 12/98, and recorded clinical andimmunological data, incidence-severity of ARand cause of graft loss. Patients were dividedinto two groups, according to the age attransplantation: A (<60, n = 281/77.4%) and B( 60, n = 82/22.6%). The percentage ofaging recipients and mean age of donors andrecipients increased throughout the period.Although the incidence of ATN was higher in theolder group (29% vs.19%, p < 0.0001) thenumber of graft biopsies was equal in bothgroups. The incidence of AR was similar, 33.4%vs. 26.8%, pNS. The number of AR episodes perpatient was 0.44 and 0.41 respectively. Theseverity of AR was: Banff grade I: A (40.3%)/B (45.7%) pNS; grade II: A (44.1%)/B(48.57) pNS; grade III: A (15.5%)/B (5.7%)pNS. Younger recipients presented a higherlevel of panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) (4.3%vs. 2.07%, p = 0.01). One-year patient survivalwas 96%/91% (p<0.05) and graft survivalwas 81%/78% (pNS) respectively.The age of recipient does not seem to haveinfluenced the incidence-severity of AR or thegraft survival. Thus immunosuppression shouldbe individualised for each patient and shouldnot depend on the age at transplantation. 相似文献
18.
19.
M. K. Javaid P. R. McCrudden P. Taylor G. W. Petley M. Stroud D. R. Fine C. Cooper N. K. Arden 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(9):788-793
Patients on long-term oral corticosteroids have an increased risk of low bone mass and fragility fractures. Fracture risk
rises soon after commencement of corticosteroid therapy and it is possible that these agents adversely influence bone architecture
disproportionately to their effect on bone mass. The best means of assessing bone status in patients using corticosteroids
remains uncertain, but quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus may provide evidence of microarchitectural changes not detected
by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients with Crohn’s disease have an increased risk of low bone mineral density
(BMD), the etiology of which is multifactorial but includes corticosteroid use. We studied 118 consecutive patients with Crohn’s
disease, 21 of whom used continuous oral corticosteroids, 70 of whom were intermittent users, and 27 who had never used the
drug. All patients received DXA of the lumbar spine, hip and calcaneus and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus.
The different techniques were compared using a femoral neck T-score ≤−1.5 as the threshold of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. When compared with the femoral neck T-score, there were no significant differences between the predictive values of lumbar spine DXA, calcaneal DXA or calcaneal
QUS to identify low femoral neck BMD. However, the absolute T-score required to give similar discriminatory capacity to femoral neck T-score varied substantially (T=−0.81 to −1.5) between the different measurement techniques and sites.
Received: 29 July 2000 / Accepted: 9 April 2001 相似文献
20.
Carel Bron Michel Wensing Jo LM Franssen Rob AB Oostendorp 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2007,8(1):107