成年小鼠中枢神经系统损伤后TT-301可抑制小胶质细胞活化及改善其预后(英文)

BACKGROUND Microglial inhibition may reduce secondary tissue injury and improve functional outcome following acute brain injury.Utilizing clinically relevant murine models of traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhage,neuroinflammatory responses and functional outcome     

The medial branch of the lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve

In the needle insertion of epidural anesthesia with the paramedian approach, the needle can pass through the longissimus muscle in the dorsum of the patients. When the needle touches a nerve in the muscles, the patients may experience pain in the back. Obviously, the needle should avoid the nerve tract. To provide better anesthetic service, analysis of the structure and where the concerned nerves lie in that region is inevitable. Material and method: We studied five cadavers in this study. Two cadavers were fixed with Thiel’s method. With these cadavers, we studied the nerve running of the posterior rami of the spinal nerve from the nerve root to the distal portion. Three of them were used for the study of transparent specimen, with which we studied the course and size of the nerve inside the longissimus muscle. Results: We observed there were three branches at the stem of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves between the body segment T3 and L5, i.e. medial branch, medial branch of the lateral branch and lateral branch of the lateral branch. The medial branch of the lateral branch supplied to the longissimus muscle. With the transparent specimen, we found that there were different nerve layouts between the upper thoracic, lower thoracic, upper lumbar, and lower lumbar segments in the medial branch of the lateral branch in the longissimus muscle. In the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments, the medial branch of the lateral branch of the upper lumbar segments produced layers nerve network in the longissimus muscle. L1 and L2 nerves were large in size in the muscle. Conclusion: In the upper lumbar segments the medial branch of the lateral branch of the posterior rami of the spinal nerve produced dense network in the longissimus muscle, where the epidural needle has high possibility to touch the nerve. Anesthetists have to consider the existence of the medial branch of the lateral branch of the posterior rami of the spinal nerve when they insert the needle in the paramedical approach to the spinal column.     

Hepatectomy and lung radiofrequency ablation for hepatic and subsequent pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Lung radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a relatively safe procedure and may have a useful role in the management of non-surgical candidates with colorectal pulmonary metastases. METHODS: This study consisted of 30 patients, who had previously undergone hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases and subsequently developed pulmonary metastases, which were then treated with lung RFA. Lung RFA was performed percutaneously under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. The primary aim of this article was to demonstrate the survival outcome in this particular patient population after lung RFA. The secondary aim was to assess the prognostic indicators for survival after lung RFA. RESULTS: The median survival after lung RFA was 32 months, with 3-year survival rate of 45%. The following four factors were found to significantly influence survival in univariate analysis: size of the largest pulmonary metastasis (P = 0.032), proximity of metastases to major pulmonary vessels (P = 0.003), pre-lung RFA CEA levels (P = 0.013) and post-lung RFA CEA levels (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Lung RFA may have a useful role in the management of non-surgical candidates with colorectal pulmonary metastases.