尿微量蛋白与老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病关系的研究

目的探讨在老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者中尿微量蛋白在加重缺血性心脏病进展方面的作用。方法将66例老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者按24h尿微量蛋白排泄量分为:尿微量蛋白正常组及尿微量蛋白阳性组,分别对血脂、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、纤维蛋白原、颈动脉内-中膜厚度、颈总动脉粥样硬化等级积分、硬化斑块指数、心脏彩超室间隔厚度及射血分数等加重缺血性心脏病进展等指标进行比较分析。结果66例老年2型糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病患者尿微量蛋白阳性组高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、胰岛素敏感指数、年龄、纤维蛋白原、硬化斑块指数、颈总动脉粥样硬化等级积分、室间隔厚度及射血分数显著高于尿微量蛋白阴性组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论尿微量蛋白的出现能够加速糖尿病合并缺血性心脏病的发展进程,它的出现预示着缺血性心脏病的预后不良。     

Detection of carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency using duodenal biopsy samples

The activity of urea cycle enzymes was assayed in duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from a female infant who presented with neonatal hyperammonaemia. All enzyme levels were normal except N-acetyl glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) which was half the mean activity in normal control specimens. A similar deficiency of CPS1 was also shown in duodenal specimens from the patient's mother who became slightly symptomatic after relatively high protein meals and during pregnancy, and had spontaneously modified her diet to one with protein restriction. The patient is growing normally on a dietary regimen similar to that spontaneously adopted by her mother. Urea cycle enzyme activity in the duodenal biopsy material from the controls was similar to that found in the normal human liver and appears to have distinct advantages as a means of assaying for urea cycle defects in patients with hyperammonaemia and their relatives.     

虚拟模拟器在输尿管镜培训中应用的初步探讨

目的 评估虚拟模拟器UroMentorTM在输尿管镜培训中的应用价值. 方法 30名泌尿外科医师按单独完成输尿管镜例数＜ 20例和≥20例分成2组,分别为18名及12名.应用左输尿管下段取石模拟操作进行初评,包括:总操作时间、输尿管插管时间、损伤致出血点的数目、尝试插管次数以及综合总体评分(GRS),连续训练48 h后复评并与初评比较. 结果 经过模拟器训练后所有受试者总操作时间明显缩短[( 333±32)s及(228±18)s,P=0.001],GRS评分明显改善(24.4±2.1及28.1±1.2,P=0.010).少(无)经验组和有经验组初评总操作时间[(405±40)s及(262±22)s,P=0.014]、复评总操作时间[(276±12)s及(179±9)s,P=0.000]及初评GRS评分(19.6±2.5及29.2±1.3,P＝0.009)、复评GRS评分(25.0±1.1及31.2±0.7,P=0.002)差异均有统计学意义.独立完成的输尿管镜例数与GRS评分相关(初评r=0.705,复评r=0.756). 结论虚拟模拟器URO MentorTM可以成为输尿管镜技能培训及评估的有效工具.     

双启动子shRNA真核表达载体的构建

目的:构建含有双启动子的shRNA真核表达载体.方法:通过PCR分别扩增带有BamH Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点的人U6启动子序列(U6-B/E)和带有Bgl Ⅱ、HindⅢ酶切位点的人U6启动子序列(U6-B/H),用BamH Ⅰ与EcoRⅠ双酶切pcDNA3.1(+)与PCR产物U6-B/E后进行连接,重组质粒命名为psPRO.再用BglⅡ与HindⅢ双酶切psPRO与PCR产物U6-B/H后进行连接,构建含有双启动子的shRNA真核表达载体.结果:酶切鉴定以及DNA测序结果显示载体构建成功.结论:构建双启动子的shRNA真核表达载体,使其在细胞中表达2个不同的siRNA,不仅筛选方便,而且可以通过建立这种模式化工具载体,为今后RNA干扰实验研究的开展和深入提供手段.     

替比夫定与阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的临床观察

目的评价替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎48周的疗效和安全性。方法将HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者104例分为两组,治疗组53例,对照组51例。治疗组口服替比夫定600mg,每日1次,疗程48周;对照组口服阿德福韦酯10mg,每日1次,疗程48周。观察两组治疗12、24、36、48周时的HBV-DNA阴转率、ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg血清转换率及治疗过程中的不良反应。结果治疗12、24、36、48周时,两组HBV-DNA阴转率、ALT复常率相比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),而HBeAg阴转率及HBeAg血清转换率相比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。治疗组在服药期间未出现严重不良反应。结论替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎是有效的和安全的。     

小鼠切牙干槽症模型建立的实验研究

目的 建立干槽症的小鼠模型.方法 取10只小鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组.每只小鼠腹腔注射1.5％戊巴比妥麻醉后,拔除上颌中切牙.实验组拔牙窝行肾上腺素止血,植入金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌种,对照组拔除上颌中切牙后无特殊处理.4天后观察两组拔牙窝情况并处死小鼠,取上颌骨进行组织切片、HE染色,观察两组拔牙窝的结构变化.结果 拔牙4天后,实验组拔牙窝见大量脓性分泌物,周围黏膜红肿,对照组拔牙窝粘膜呈粉红色,创口较拔牙后明显缩小,无明显分泌物.观察组织学HE染色切片发现,实验组拔牙窝可见大量炎性细胞及少量破骨细胞,对照组的拔牙窝内有新生结缔组织形成.结论 使用肾上腺素和金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌种可以成功地建立小鼠切牙拔牙窝的干槽症模型.     

脊柱化脓性感染动物模型的建立及应用进展

手术部位感染是脊柱手术后常见且非常严重的并发症,严重影响患者的身体健康。尽管手术操作无菌细致,及时给予适当的全身抗生素,但手术部位感染率仍然很高[1-2]。据报道,我国脊柱手术感染的风险从0.5%~7.8%不等[3-4]。糖尿病、肥胖、高血压等疾病显著增加脊柱术后感染,感染后治疗的费用可达10多万美元[5],大大增加了患者的经济负担。     

Regulation of neutrophil migration and superoxide production by recombinant tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta: comparison to recombinant interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 alpha

We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor- alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Significant PMN migration occurred across polycarbonate filters after stimulation with rHuTNF-alpha at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol/L and at 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L for rHuTNF- beta and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), whereas recombinant human interferon-gamma was only minimally active at 10(-7) mol/L and recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha was inactive at the doses tested. In addition, antibodies to rHuTNF-alpha completely inhibited rHuTNF-alpha but not rHuTNF-beta or FMLP-induced PMN migration. Combinations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta (at similar molar concentrations) stimulated PMN migration levels comparable to that obtained with rHuTNF-alpha alone. Checkerboard analyses performed by placing different concentrations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta above and below polycarbonate filters of microchemotaxis chambers demonstrated that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta stimulated both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses by PMN. Additional studies demonstrated that 1 X 10(-8) mol/L rHuTNF-alpha and 3 X 10(-9) mol/L rHuTNF-beta (which represents 10(4) U/mL of each cytokine) were similar in their ability to induce superoxide production by PMNs; however, at ten- to 100-fold lower molar concentrations (10(3) and 10(2) units), rHuTNF-alpha was significantly more active than rHuTNF-beta. At the doses tested, both cytokines were less active than phorbol myristate acetate at stimulating O2- release. The results demonstrate that rHuTNF- alpha and rHuTNF-beta differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in their effects on PMN functions in vitro and suggest that rHuTNF-beta may be less toxic than rHuTNF-alpha in vivo.     

舍尼通~和抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎临床研究

目的:评价舍尼通与抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的有效性及耐受性。方法:采用双盲、平行对照、多中心临床试验研究方法,通过Stam ey试验、前列腺按摩液(EPS)常规及美国国立卫生院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI),筛选出160例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者,随机分为试验组(80例,脱落1例)和对照组(80例)。试验组前4周合用舍尼通和左氧氟沙星,后4周单用舍尼通,服用剂量为舍尼通2次/d,1片/次,左氧氟沙星2次/d,0.1 g/次;对照组方法同上,仅将舍尼通换为安慰剂。所有患者均行入组前、治疗第4周和第8周随访并行NIH-CPSI评分、EPS等检查及药物不良反应的评估。结果:治疗后4周和8周,试验组疼痛评分降低分别为3.34±2.45,4.33±3.13,排尿评分降低分别为2.22±1.79,2.77±2.04;对照组疼痛评分降低分别为2.28±2.42,3.30±3.29,排尿评分降低分别为1.24±1.67,1.83±2.25。两组治疗前后的自身对比均差异有显著性(P<0.01),生活质量影响评分差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。组间比较,试验组较对照组第4周和第8周疼痛和排尿评分差异均有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。两组治疗前后白细胞、卵磷脂小体差异无显著性(P>0.05),对药物的耐受性差异无显著性(P>0.05),无严重不良反应事件发生。结论:舍尼通与抗生素联合用药方案能更有效地缓解慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的疼痛不适症状和排尿症状,耐受性好,值得在临床上推广应用。     

新疆维吾尔族空腹血糖受损人群血脂水平变化及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高的相关因素分析

目的 分析新疆维吾尔族（维族）IFG人群血脂代谢状况及LDL-C升高的危险因素。 方法 对新疆地区2053例30～80岁维族居民行横断面调查,筛查IFG人群,分析血脂代谢状况及LDL-C相关危险因素。 结果 该IFG人群中,血脂代谢异常的总患病率为99.8%（613/614）。高TG血症患病率为85.5%（525/614）,男女比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;高TC血症、高LDL-C血症患病率为72.5%（445/614）和40.7%（250/614）,男性高于女性（75.0% vs 70.1%,52.4% vs 29.9%,P〈0.05）;低HDL-C血症患病率为29.8%（183/614）,男性低于女性（28.0% vs 31.4%,P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,LDL-C升高的危险因素为年龄、TC、2 hPG。 结论 维族IFG人群血脂代谢异常的总患病为99.8%,其中LDL-C升高的患病率为40.7%,其危险因素为年龄、TC和2 hPG。