临床药师干预对神经外科合理用药指标的影响分析

摘 要 目的：探讨临床药师参与神经外科临床药学工作的效果及对合理用药指标的影响。方法: 回顾性分析干预前后神经外科每月药占比、抗菌药物使用率、使用强度等指标,并对2017年4月和6月所有药品的消耗金额和用药频度及出院病历进行统计分析。结果:干预后神经外科药占比、人均住院天数、住院患者抗菌药物使用率和使用强度等指标均有明显改善;在合理用药方面如药品的配伍使用、用法用量、超疗程用药、抗菌药物使用等方面与干预前相比有显著差异（P<0.01）。结论:临床药师全面深入神经外科的查房、会诊等实践后,能有效地协助并指导临床用药,提高临床合理用药水平。     

早孕期超声检查胎儿颈项透明层厚度 心率及心轴对胎儿先天性心脏病的预测价值

目的 探讨早孕期超声检查胎儿颈项透明层（NT）厚度、心率及心轴对胎儿先天性心脏病的预测价值。方法 选择2015年7月1日至2017年7月1日就诊于安徽医科大学第二附属医院的168例孕龄12～14周孕妇（均为单胎妊娠）,采用彩色多普勒超声测定胎儿NT、心率、心轴,所有孕妇均随访至分娩后1周,统计胎儿发生先天性心脏病的例数,绘制ROC曲线,分析NT厚度、心率及心轴对胎儿先天性心脏病的预测价值。结果 NT预测胎儿先天性心脏病ROC曲线下面积为0.895（P<0.001）,NT预测胎儿先天性心脏病最佳截点为2.995 mm,此时灵敏度为0.882,特异度为0.961;心轴预测胎儿先天性心脏病ROC曲线下面积为0.657（P=0.021）,心轴预测胎儿先天性心脏病最佳截点为50.891度,此时灵敏度为0.643,特异度为0.598;心率预测胎儿先天性心脏病ROC曲线下面积为0.616（P=0.045）,心率预测胎儿先天性心脏病最佳截点为179次/分钟,此时灵敏度为0.556,特异度为0.879。结论 孕早期NT厚度、心率及心轴检查对预测胎儿先天性心脏病及心脏畸形具有一定临床意义,其中NT厚度预测价值最大。     

A new strategy for choosing “Q-markers” via network pharmacology,application to the quality control of a Chinese medical preparation

Due to its chemical complexity, proper quality control for a Chinese medical preparation (CMP) has been a great challenge. Choosing the appropriate quality markers (Q-markers) for quality control of CMP is an important work. Best of all, the chosen Q-markers are the main chemical compounds from the herbals as well as the active constituents of this CMP. Only in this way the established quality control system can really achieve the purpose of controlling the quality of CMP and ensuring the safely and effectively use of CMP. To achieve the purpose, network pharmacology combined with the contents of chemical compounds in the CMP has been used in this research. We took an anti-arrhythmic CMP, Shenxian-Shengmai oral liquid (SSOL), as an example. Firstly, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was used to analyze the main components of SSOL. A total of 64 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively identified and 32 of them were further validated by reference compounds. Secondly, the network was constructed based on the identified compounds to predict the effective compounds related to cardiac arrhythmias. Based on the existing database and the operation method of topology, a method of double network analysis (DNAA) was proposed, from which 10 important targets in the pathway of arrhythmia were screened out, and 26 compounds had good antiarrhythmic activity. Based on the prediction results of network pharmacology along with the contents of the compounds in this CMP, ten representative compounds were chosen as the Q-markers for the quality control of SSOL. We find that five of these ten compounds, including danshensu, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, epimedin A and icariin, have antiarrhythmic activity. Then, the UPLC-DAD method was established as the control method for SSOL.     

牛津急性疾病严重程度评分和生理评分系统对ICU患者病情评估的价值

目的 探讨牛津急性疾病严重程度评分（OASIS）和生理评分系统（PSS）在ICU患者病情评估和预后判断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年8月至2017年8月在黄山市人民医院ICU住院的102例重症患者的临床资料,根据转归情况分为好转组（72例）与死亡组（30例）,比较两组患者的OASIS和PSS评分,计算OASIS和PSS评分的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积。结果 好转组患者OASIS、PSS评分、机械通气时间分别为（24.64±5.95）分、（4.18±2.36）分和（3.36±3.97）d,死亡组患者为（34.60±7.17）分、（6.47±2.66）分和（8.13±9.36）d,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。OASIS的ROC曲线下面积为0.856（95% CI：0.770~0.942,P<0.05）,评分为30.5分时Youden指数最大,为0.592。PSS评分的ROC曲线下面积为0.747（95% CI：0.637~0.858,P<0.05）,评分为5.5分时Youden指数最大,为0.421。结论 OASIS对ICU患者的病情评估与预后优于PSS评分。     

Puerarin-loaded PEG-PE micelles with enhanced anti-apoptotic effect and better pharmacokinetic profile

Puerarin (PUE) is the most abundant isoflavonoid in kudzu root. It is widely used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the short elimination half-life, poor-bioavailability, and acute intravascular hemolysis of PUE are the main obstacles to its widespread clinical applications. Whereas PEG-PE micelles possess the ability to release medicine slowly, enhance the cellular uptake of drugs and improve their biocompatibility. Therefore, it was aim to fabricate puerarin-loaded PEG-PE (PUE@PEG-PE) micelles to improve the pharmaceutical properties of drugs. It can be observed from the TEM images that PUE@PEG-PE micelles appeared obvious core-shell structure and remained well-dispersed without aggregation and adhesion. PUE was successfully embedded in the core of PEG-PE micelles, which was confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectra. In vitro studies showed that PUE@PEG-PE micelles exhibited a sustained release behavior in pH 7.4 PBS buffer and decreased hemolysis rate of PUE. Compared with PUE, PUE@PEG-PE micelles showed a 3.2-fold increase in the half-life of PUE and a 1.58-fold increase in bioavailability. In addition, the PUE@PEG-PE micelles exerted enhanced protective effect against isoprenaline-induced H9c2 cells apoptosis compared with PUE, as evident by decreased percentage of Hoechst-positive cells, Caspase 3 activity, Bax expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Notably, the PEG-PE micelles exhibited favorable cellular uptake efficiency on H9c2 cells, and this may account for their enhanced anti-apoptotic effect of the incorporated drug. Altogether, the PUE@PEG-PE micelles were not only able to control the drug release but also offered promise to enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic potential of PUE.     

An erythroid chaperone that facilitates folding of alpha-globin subunits for hemoglobin synthesis

Erythrocyte precursors produce abundant alpha- and beta-globin proteins, which assemble with each other to form hemoglobin A (HbA), the major blood oxygen carrier. alphaHb-stabilizing protein (AHSP) binds free alpha subunits reversibly to maintain their structure and limit their ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, loss of AHSP aggravates the toxicity of excessive free alpha-globin caused by beta-globin gene disruption in mice. Surprisingly, we found that AHSP also has important functions when free alpha-globin is limited. Thus, compound mutants lacking both Ahsp and 1 of 4 alpha-globin genes (genotype Ahsp(-/-)alpha-globin*(alpha/alphaalpha)) exhibited more severe anemia and Hb instability than mice with either mutation alone. In vitro, recombinant AHSP promoted folding of newly translated alpha-globin, enhanced its refolding after denaturation, and facilitated its incorporation into HbA. Moreover, in erythroid precursors, newly formed free alpha-globin was destabilized by loss of AHSP. Therefore, in addition to its previously defined role in detoxification of excess alpha-globin, AHSP also acts as a molecular chaperone to stabilize nascent alpha-globin for HbA assembly. Our findings illustrate what we believe to be a novel adaptive mechanism by which a specialized cell coordinates high-level production of a multisubunit protein and protects against various synthetic imbalances.     

二十五味珊瑚丸联合左乙拉西坦治疗癫痫的临床研究

目的探讨二十五味珊瑚丸联合左乙拉西坦片治疗癫痫的临床疗效。方法选取2015年4月至2016年10月中国人民解放军第二五四医院、天津市环湖医院收治的癫痫患者30例为研究对象,按照序列号法将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组餐后口服左乙拉西坦片,起始剂量500 mg/次,2次/d,一周后加至1 000 mg/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服二十五味珊瑚丸,1 g/次,1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗3个月。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的淋巴细胞亚群水平、炎症因子水平、癫痫发作频率。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为73.33%、93.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组淋巴细胞亚群水平明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组炎症因子水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组癫痫发作频率明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组癫痫发作频率明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论二十五味珊瑚丸联合左乙拉西坦片治疗癫痫具有较好的临床疗效,可减少癫痫发作频率,改善患者免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

miRNA调控乳腺癌多药耐药机制的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。化学治疗是乳腺癌临床治疗的主要手段之一,然而乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物产生的MDR成为乳腺癌治疗的瓶颈。miRNA是一种存在于真核生物中的内源性非编码短链RNA,广泛参与到增殖、凋亡等多种生理过程。近年来,有关miRNA在乳腺癌MDR中的作用及机制研究取得了诸多进展,因此就miRNA调控乳腺癌MDR分子机制的研究进展做一综述。     

振源胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的探讨振源胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选取2017年2月—2018年2月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者155例,随机分成对照组(77例)和治疗组(78例)。对照组患者口服沙格列汀片,1片/次,1次/d;治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服振源胶囊,2粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗6周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者血清指标水平、稳态模型评价(HOMA)和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为85.71%,显著低于治疗组的96.15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平均显著降低(P0.05),空腹C肽水平显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组这些指标水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者HOMA-IS和HOMA-β水平显著升高(P0.05),HOMA-IR水平显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者HOMA指标水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,治疗组患者药物不良反应发生率为3.85%,显著低于对照组的14.29%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论振源胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病降糖效果显著,不良反应低,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

某儿童专科医院急诊药房存在的问题与对策

目的：探讨如何加强儿童专科医院急诊药房管理,为患儿提供更加安全、高效的药学服务。方法：针对儿童专科医院急诊药房的问题现状,分析原因,提出对策和改进措施。结果：通过优化急诊药房的管理,急诊药房药学服务能力增强,医师处方更合理,患儿家属满意度提高。结论：在儿童专科医院急诊药房的工作中,要注意硬件设施、人力资源配备、医师、药师、药品、收费、家属等多方面的问题,主动参与到治疗过程中,更好的为患者服务。