丁丙诺啡透皮贴对痔术后镇痛效果的临床研究

目的评价丁丙诺啡透皮贴对痔术后镇痛的临床疗效。 方法将60例行混合痔外剥内扎术患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组行术后常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用丁丙诺啡透皮贴。VAS视觉模拟评分比较两组术后镇痛效果及相关不良反应发生情况。 结果两组术后10 h VAS评分差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.240;P=0.215）;术后1天（Z=-3.163;P=0.002）,术后2天（Z=-2.793,P=0.005）,3天（Z=-3.096,P=0.002）、4天（Z=-2.266,P=0.023）、5天（Z=-2.266,P=0.023）、6天（Z=-2.497,P=0.013）与对照组比较,对照组评分高于治疗组,差异均有统计学意义。两组于术后2天至5天疼痛评分逐渐升高后下降。 结论丁丙诺啡透皮贴对痔术后患者镇痛效果良好,不良反应轻,值得临床推广。     

Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis with overlapping Guillain-Barré syndrome: Usefulness of sequential nerve conduction studies

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare immune-mediated disorder characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and disturbance of consciousness, which may overlap with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) if there is additional limb weakness. We report a 7-month-old boy presented with ophthalmoplegia followed by a rapidly ascending paralysis of all four limbs and disturbance of consciousness. The initial impression was BBE with overlapping GBS. This was supported by sequential nerve conduction study (NCS) findings compatible with an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). He received intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapharesis with complete clinical recovery after 6?weeks of illness and improved NCS findings from week 16. This is the first case of paediatric BBE with overlapping GBS with an AIDP subtype of GBS. It expands the clinical spectrum of this condition in children. Our case highlights the importance of sequential NCS in paediatric BBE with overlapping GBS for accurate electrophysiological diagnosis and prognosis particularly if the first NCS findings are not informative.     

阶梯式手术培训模式在输尿管软镜教学中的应用

目的介绍我中心阶梯式手术培训模式在输尿管软镜教学的初步探索经验。 方法根据随机数字表的方式,将2015年5月至2018年5月期间,在南昌大学第四附属医院进修并接受输尿管软镜培训的泌尿外科医师随机分为阶梯式培训组和传统教学组,每组学员各20名。传统培训模式学员,直接进入临床培训阶段;阶梯式培训模式在学员进入临床培训前,需经过理论学习、体外训练、动物操作三个阶段。学员在前一阶段的学习后,经过考核方可进入下一阶段培训。 结果两组学员年龄、学历、职称及有无输尿管镜手术经验上差异无统计学意义。通过系统培训,两组共40名成员均可在导师指导下独立完成输尿管软镜手术。两组学员治疗结石患者年龄、性别及结石负荷差异无统计学意义。手术培训时间（月）、手术培训例数（例）,首例独立完成手术时间和学员评分四项指标差异有统计学意义。术中未发生结石移位,无输尿管穿孔,无结石残留。阶梯培训组,术后并发泌尿系感染1例,给与常规抗感染治疗后好转。 结论通过输尿管软镜碎石术的阶梯式培训模式,可以缩短手术培训时间,减少手术培训例数,降低首例手术时间,增加学员评分。     

过敏性紫癜患儿梅毒血清学试验假阳性的探讨

目的探讨过敏性紫癜患儿自身抗体对梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附实验(treponema pallidum-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,TP-ELISA)的影响。 方法回顾性对比分析2016年1月至2017年10月四川大学华西第二医院38例TP-ELISA假阳性与38例TP-ELISA阴性的过敏性紫癜患儿的临床信息。真阳性组分别对(几组)患儿的血清样本做梅毒血清学ELISA试验、甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(tolulized red unheated serum test,TRUST)、梅毒螺旋体血球凝集试验(treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay,TPHA)、抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)试验。并以W检验考察数据是否呈正态分布;用非参数Kurska-Wallis H检验、Mann-Whitney U检验考察组间的相关性。 结果假阳性组TP-ELISA的S/Co值显著低于真阳性组(P<0.05),且显著高于真阴性组(P<0.05)。假阳性组患儿中抗核抗体(ANA)检测阳性率达到(42.11%),其中颗粒型占(28.95%),核仁型占(13.16%)。 结论过敏性紫癜患儿体内的自身抗体可能会导致TP-ELISA假阳性,预示潜在的自身免疫性疾病。     

The clinical usefulness of glycated albumin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Progress and challenges

Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to a non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, and produces Amadori products, such as glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The utility of HbA1c in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be problematic since altered lifespan of red blood cells, use of iron and/or erythropoietin therapy, uremia and so on. Therefore, as an alternative marker, GA has been suggested as a more reliable and sensitive glycemic index in patients with CKD. In addition to the mean plasma glucose concentration, GA also reflects postprandial plasma glucose and glycemic excursion. Besides, with a half-life of approximately 2–3?weeks, GA may reflect the status of blood glucose more rapidly than HbA1c. GA is also an early precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which cause alterations in various cellular proteins and organelles. Thus, high GA levels may correlate with adverse outcomes of patients with CKD. In this review, the clinical usefulness of GA was discussed, including a comparison of GA with HbA1c, the utility and limitations of GA as a glycemic index, its potential role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the correlations between GA levels and outcomes, specifically in patients with diabetes and CKD.     

Effectiveness of hospital disinfection and experience learnt from 11 years of surveillance

This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years. A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary public hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were investigated and seven critical categories, namely indoor air, work surface, hand hygiene, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation intensity, use of disinfectants, sterilization of medical items, and effects of steam sterilizer, were monitored. The average qualified rates were (94.74±3.54)% (810/855), (97.25±1.65)% (1 876/1 929), (87.57±4.60)% (2 508/2 864), (95.00±4.50)% (1 196/1 259), and (98.76±1.14)% (1 599/1 619) for indoor air, work surface, hand hygiene, UV irradiation intensity, and sterilization of medical items, respectively. In terms of other categories, a few samples were not qualified: 3/1 575 for use of disinfectants and 1/243 for effects of steam sterilizer. The hospital disinfection monitoring and supervision program effectively improved the effectiveness of disinfection. Routine monitoring and supervision must be conducted to ensure a safe hospital treatment environment.