没食子酸与环丙沙星联用对小鼠慢性鼻-鼻窦炎模型的作用

探讨没食子酸与环丙沙星联用对小鼠慢性鼻-鼻窦炎模型(CRS)的作用。收集难治性CRS患者鼻黏膜样本,分离铜绿假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)构建小鼠CRS模型,没食子酸(GA)与环丙沙星(CIP)单独或联合灌胃治疗,HE染色观察小鼠鼻黏膜病理变化,ELISA检测血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的表达、试剂盒检测SOD活性、MDA及ROS含量,Western blot检测鼻黏膜组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IκB及NF-κB p65的表达。结果显示,GA与CIP可显著降低CRS小鼠TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、MDA、ROS及NF-κB p65的含量,增加SOD活性及IκB的表达,且联合用药效果更显著。结果说明,GA与CIP联用治疗CRS效果优于单独用药,可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路,下调TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8表达发挥作用。     

钙蛋白酶活化在小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的:探讨钙蛋白酶在小鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(Ischemia/Reperfusion,I/R)损伤中的作用。方法:采用结扎/松解左冠状动脉前降支的方法建立小鼠心肌I/R模型。将实验动物随机分为假手术组、I/R组(冠状动脉结扎45 min,再灌注3h)及PD+I/R组(I/R前30 min静脉注射钙蛋白酶抑制剂-PD150606 1 mg/kg)。再灌注结束后,测定各组心肌梗死面积、细胞色素C含量、caspase-3活性。结果:与I/R组相比,PD150606预处理组心肌梗死区域面积明显减小,且PD150606能明显抑制由I/R引起的细胞色素C含量及caspase-3活性增加。结论:钙蛋白酶活化介导的心肌细胞凋亡在小鼠心肌I/R损伤中发挥了重要的作用。     

WebDISCO: a web service for distributed cox model learning without patient-level data sharing

Objective The Cox proportional hazards model is a widely used method for analyzing survival data. To achieve sufficient statistical power in a survival analysis, it usually requires a large amount of data. Data sharing across institutions could be a potential workaround for providing this added power.Methods and materials The authors develop a web service for distributed Cox model learning (WebDISCO), which focuses on the proof-of-concept and algorithm development for federated survival analysis. The sensitive patient-level data can be processed locally and only the less-sensitive intermediate statistics are exchanged to build a global Cox model. Mathematical derivation shows that the proposed distributed algorithm is identical to the centralized Cox model.Results The authors evaluated the proposed framework at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Emory, and Duke. The experimental results show that both distributed and centralized models result in near-identical model coefficients with differences in the range 10^?15 to 10^?12. The results confirm the mathematical derivation and show that the implementation of the distributed model can achieve the same results as the centralized implementation.Limitation The proposed method serves as a proof of concept, in which a publicly available dataset was used to evaluate the performance. The authors do not intend to suggest that this method can resolve policy and engineering issues related to the federated use of institutional data, but they should serve as evidence of the technical feasibility of the proposed approach.Conclusions WebDISCO (Web-based Distributed Cox Regression Model; https://webdisco.ucsd-dbmi.org:8443/cox/) provides a proof-of-concept web service that implements a distributed algorithm to conduct distributed survival analysis without sharing patient level data.     

Efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi decoction for acute ischemic stroke with constipation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi (XLCQ) decoction in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with constipation.

伤寒差后更发热及选方辨证探析

各医家对伤寒差后更发热原因的认识主要有:余热未尽、劳复、邪在少阳、重感于邪。对脉浮和脉沉实选用方剂的观点主要有:脉浮用枳实栀子豉汤,脉沉实者加大黄;脉浮用麻桂剂,脉沉实用承气剂;脉浮用柴胡桂枝汤,脉沉实用大柴胡汤。本文认为,伤寒差后更发热应为劳复使然,无明显表里症状者,用小柴胡汤和解之;如脉浮,为病后正气尚虚,重感于寒,可用柴胡桂枝汤微发汗解之;如脉沉实,为饮食失节,里有宿食,可用大柴胡汤下之。     

同指背侧转移皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍一种指端离断后以瓣转移重建指端的方法。方法 应用同指远侧指间关节背侧转移皮瓣修复指端离断26例28指。结果 随访3－16个月，所有皮瓣均成活，伤指残端都有指甲生长，远侧指间关节活动范围满意。结论 同指远侧指间关节背侧转移皮瓣是修复指离断的一种较好的方法，具有操作简单，手术速度快，创伤小，效果好等优点。     

气腹对肝硬化大鼠肝脏血流的影响

目的：探讨气腹压力下正常机体及肝硬化机体肝脏吲哚青绿排泄的变化及气腹对肝脏血流的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分成5组,其中2组用60％四氯化碳皮下注射加5％乙醇口服的方法建立肝硬化模型。同期对5组进行吲哚青绿15min排泄试验：正常麻醉组、正常开腹组、正常气腹组、肝硬化麻醉组、肝硬化气腹组。结果：5组分别测得血清吲哚青绿含量,正常开腹组（0．662μg/ml）虽高于正常麻醉组（0．645μg/ml）,但差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）;正常气腹组（0．967μg/ml）显著高于麻醉组及开腹组（P＜0．05）;而肝硬化麻醉组（1．198μg/ml）和肝硬化气腹组（1．348μg/ml）均显著高于正常3组（P＜0．05）;肝硬化气腹组又显著高于肝硬化麻醉组（P＜0．05）。结论：气腹使吲哚青绿排泄降低的结果,证实了腹腔镜手术中的气腹压力可减少肝脏血流量,对于肝硬化机体更有临床意义。     

开放TEP与传统前入路无张力修补腹股沟疝的比较

目的比较传统前入路和开放式TEP无张力修补腹股沟疝方法的手术疗效。方法采用随机双盲对照方法,对165例腹股沟疝患者分别沿用传统前入路和开放式TEP术式行无张力修补方法,比较两组患者手术时间、住院天数、平均恢复正常活动时间、治疗费用以及近、远期并发症和术后不适等指标,以评价开放式TEP术式修补腹股沟疝的疗效。结果前入路组随访时间平均为(20.5±1.5)个月,开放TEP组(21.6±1.8)个月,完成随访率为98.79%。前入路3例1年后复发(3.66%),开放TEP组1例术后1年半后复发(1.20%),手术时间、平均住院天数、治疗费用、恢复正常活动时间、疝复发率和尿潴留发生率等均无明显差异(P0.05);术后腹股沟区疼痛、血清肿、阴囊水肿、切口感染、神经感觉异常和缺血性睾丸炎等近、远期并发症开放TEP组明显少于前入路组,两组间差异有显著意义(P0.05)结论开放TEP修补腹股沟疝可明显减少各种并发症和术后不适的发生率,疗效肯定,值得临床推广应用。     

胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗(附30例报道)

目的探讨胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗。方法对30例胃间质瘤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者表现为上腹部隐痛不适16例,消化道出血7例,无任何症状者7例。术前仅5例(16.7%)获得病理确诊。30例均接受手术治疗。行开腹手术24例,其中行胃部分切除19例,胃大部切除4例,全胃切除加区域淋巴结清扫1例。行腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术6例。2例高危胃间质瘤患者术后接受了伊马替尼(格列卫)辅助治疗。结果本组30例均获完整切除,切缘均阴性,假包膜完整。无手术死亡。术后并发切口感染和胃排空障碍(胃轻瘫)各1例。围手术期并发症的发生率为6.7%(2/30)。行腹腔镜微创手术的6例术后无一例发生并发症。平均随访33(4~108)个月,无肿瘤局部复发或远处转移。结论胃间质瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,术前确诊率较低。外科手术仍是可切除胃间质瘤最有效的治疗方法。腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术是胃间质瘤可供选择的理想的治疗方法 。     

老年血液透析患者不同超滤量状态下血压及心功能的观察与护理

目的:探讨老年尿毒症血液透析患者不同超滤量状态下对血压及心功能影响的观察与护理.方法:选取108名老年血液透析患者,接其超滤量小于2.5Kg或大于2.5Kg,设为A、B两组,透析时按干体重定超滤量,观察不同超滤量状态下对血压及心功能的影响,并分别进行针对性护理.结果:两组患者在透析前后血压及左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、射血分数(EF)有差异,P＜0.01.结论:老年患者对容量负荷耐受性差,超滤量大,容易有血压波动、心功能损害;针对性的护理可防范不良反应,减少心血管事件发生.