氟伐他汀对心衰大鼠基质金属蛋白酶、转化生长因子及左室重构的影响

目的:了解基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)在心肌梗死大鼠左室重构及心衰发展过程中的改变,以及氟伐他汀的干预作用,探讨心梗后心衰的发生机制。方法:选用雄性SD大鼠67只随机分为假手术组、心梗组和心梗他汀组,经冠状动脉前降支结扎术建立心肌梗死后心衰模型,手术24 h后心梗他汀组大鼠管饲氟伐他汀4 mg·kg-1·d-1,假手术组和心梗组大鼠管饲安慰剂。术后3 d、4周、8周检测大鼠非梗死区心肌MMP-2的含量(Western-blot法)、胶原、TGF-β1的改变(免疫组化法),压力传感器记录左室血流动力学改变。结果:术后各时点非梗死区心肌的MMP-2含量,心梗组及心梗他汀组显著高于假手术组(P<0.05),而心梗他汀组显著低于心梗组(P<0.05);术后各组各时点非梗死区心肌TGF-β1表达的变化趋势与MMP-2相同;与心梗组比较,心梗他汀组术后4周和8周的心功能明显改善,胶原容积分数(CVF)及Ⅰ／Ⅲ型胶原比值(Ratio of type Ⅰ／Ⅲ)降低(P<0.05)。结论:氟伐他汀通过减少非梗死区心肌MMP-2和TGF-β1的含量,而减轻心梗后非梗死区心肌胶原网络的破坏及反应性胶原的过度沉积,从而预防和逆转心室重构,改善心脏功能。     

RT-3DE定量评价心梗患者PCI术前后左室功能的变化

为探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评估心梗患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后左室收缩功能及同步性参数的变化,选取100例接受PCI治疗的心肌梗死患者和100例正常对照组,应用RT-3DE技术对正常对照组和心梗患者PCI术前及术后1个月测量左心室收缩功能及同步性参数并进行比较。心梗患者PCI术前组左心室各功能参数值均劣于正常对照组,而术后1个月左心室各参数值均较术前明显改善。PCI术前、术后应用RT-3DE能够准确定位、定量反映左心室收缩功能及运动同步性,对心肌梗死的临床诊断及疗效评估具有重要价值。     

首诊精神分裂症和首诊强迫症患者静息态脑功能低频振幅分数的对比研究

目的 探讨首诊精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)和首诊强迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD)患者静息态脑功能低频振幅分数(fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,fALFF)的变化特征.材料与方法 招募22例...     

Total body water/fat-free mass ratio as a valuable predictive parameter for mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Hydration of fat-free mass (FFM), defined as the ratio of total body water (TBW) to FFM (TBW/FFM), is stable at 0.739 in adult mammals. However, an increase in the TBW/FFM ratio is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of TBW/FFM and investigate its predictive value for the prognosis of all-cause mortality in HD patients.We enrolled patients undergoing maintenance HD between July 2020 and May 2021. All patients were prospectively followed until death, HD dropout, or until the end of the study (November 1, 2021). A forward stepwise multivariable linear regression analyses was performed to test the independent relationship between TBW/FMM and other clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to discriminate the TBW/FFM with respect to 180-day mortality.Of the 106 patients, 42 had elevated TBW/FFM levels. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TBW/FFM ratio was significantly associated with extracellular water (ECW)/TBW (standardized regression coefficient [β = 1.131, P < .001], phase angle (PhA) [β = 0.453, P < .001], and sex (β = 0.440, P < .001). We calculated the ROC curve (AUC) of TBW/FFM, ECW, ECW/TBW, and intracellular water (ICW) to compare the discriminatory capacities of these parameters in predicting 180-day mortality. The AUC for TBW/FFM (AUC = 0.849; 95% CI, 0.745–0.953) exhibited better discriminatory potential than ECW (AUC = 0.562; 0.410–0.714), although it had a similar predictive potential as the ECW/TBW ratio (AUC = 0.831; 0.731–0.932). High TBW/FFM can be used as a valuable prognostic index for predicting all-cause mortality in patients on HD.     

Efficacy and safety of nafamostat mesilate anticoagulation in blood purification treatment of critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundNafamostat mesilate (NM), a broad-spectrum and potent serine protease inhibitor, can be used as an anticoagulant during extracorporeal circulation, as well as a promising drug effective against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NM administration in critically ill patients who underwent blood purification therapy (BPT).MethodsThe Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PubMed were comprehensively searched from inception to August 20, 2021, for potential studies.ResultsFour randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven observational studies with 2723 patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that conventional therapy (CT) significantly increased hospital mortality compared with NM administration (RR = 1.25, p = 0.0007). In subgroup analyses, the in-hospital mortality of the NM group was significantly lower than that of the anticoagulant-free (NA) group (RR = 1.31, p = 0.002). The CT interventions markedly elevated the risk ratio of bleeding complications by 45% (RR = 1.45, p = 0.010) compared with NM interventions. In another subgroup analysis, NM used exhibited a significantly lower risk of bleeding complications than those of the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) used (RR = 4.58, p = 0.020). The filter lifespan was decreased significantly (MD = −10.59, p < 0.0001) in the NA groups compared with the NM groups. Due to the poor quality of the included RCTs, these results should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionGiven the better survival outcomes, lower risk of bleeding, NM anticoagulation seems to be a safe and efficient approach for BPT patients and could yield a favorable filter lifespan. More multi-center RCTs with large samples are required for further validation of this study.     

关节软骨缺损修复研究进展

关节软骨是滑膜关节重要的结构和功能单位,一旦关节软骨发生损伤,由于软骨组织本身缺乏血管,缺乏修复损伤和缺损的未分化细胞,软骨细胞包埋于致密的胶原一蛋白多糖基质中,限制了细胞的增殖和迁移能力,所以自身修复能力非常有限,若治疗不及时或不恰当,难以形成正常的关节软骨,因而无法满足正常关节的功能需求,将会导致严重的关节功能障碍。     

基于医务人员视角的远程医疗服务使用意愿和关键问题研究

目的:分析我国医务人员远程医疗服务使用意愿和关键问题,以完善远程医疗服务体系。方法:2019年10—11月,对福建、海南、河南、湖南、贵州、四川和青海7个省份中已参与过远程医疗的邀请方和受邀方医务人员进行电子问卷调查,主要内容为医务人员对远程医疗的使用意愿、满意度情况和认知评价情况等。通过描述性统计分析和非参数检验,探...     

红藻扇形叉枝藻中细胞毒活性成分研究

目的对红藻扇形叉枝藻Gymnogongrus flabelliformis的化学成分进行研究,寻找具有生物活性的先导化合物。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、反相HPLC以及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,借助MS、1D和2D NMR等波谱方法鉴定化合物结构;通过MTT法对分离鉴定的单体化合物进行肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选。结果从红藻扇形叉枝藻中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为4-羟基苯甲醛(Ⅰ)、4-羟基苯乙酸甲酯(Ⅱ)、4-羟基苯乙基乙酸酯(Ⅲ)、4-羟基苯甲基乙醚(Ⅳ)、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯(Ⅴ)、N,N-二甲基酪胺(Ⅵ)、2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲醇(Ⅶ)、2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲基甲醚(Ⅷ)、3-溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲醛(Ⅸ)、2,2′,3,3′-四溴-4,4′,5,5′-四羟基双苯基甲烷(Ⅹ)、2,3,3′-三溴-4,4′,5,5′-四羟基-1′-乙氧甲基双苯基甲烷(Ⅺ)。结论以上化合物均为首次从该属海藻中分离得到。化合物Ⅶ、Ⅸ~Ⅺ对所有筛选的细胞株均有细胞毒活性。化合物Ⅷ对人肺癌细胞株(A549)、人肝癌细胞株(Bel7402)、人结肠癌细胞株(HCT-8)有一定细胞毒活性。     

生脉散防治心房纤颤的作用机制及网络药理学分析

目的:基于网络药理学方法探讨生脉散治疗心房纤颤的作用靶点和相关信号通路并探讨其作用机制。方法:运用中药系统药理学成分分析平台(bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of TCM,BATMAN-TCM)数据库获取生脉散的化学成分及作用靶标基因,通过GeneCards,OMIM,DisGeNET数据库收集心房纤颤的靶标基因。将两者取交集后得到生脉散-心房纤颤靶基因交集,运用STRING构建蛋白质间相互作用网络,并将结果进行网络可视化展示。将药物-疾病交集基因导入DAVID6.8数据库,进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Geomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:生脉散干预房颤的有效活性成分159个,药物靶点与疾病靶点交集后获得206个共有靶点,PPI蛋白互作网络分析发现AKT1,TP53,PRKACA,IL-1B,TNF,INS,PPAR,RXR,F2,CACAN1C,PKC等是生脉散治疗房颤的核心靶点。GO富集分析确定了175个条目(P0.05),其中生物过程主要心脏传导调节心率、动作电位时膜去极化等;分子功能主要包括电压门控钙通道、类固醇激素受体活性、肾上腺素结合等,在细胞组成方面,主要包括钠、钾、钙通道复合物等。KEGG通路富集分析确定了100条相关信号通路,主要有cGMP/PKG信号通路,cAMP信号通路,血清素能突触,肾素分泌,钙信号通路等。结论:生脉散治疗心房纤颤具有多途径、多靶点作用的特点。该研究初步探讨了其作用的关键靶点及涉及的生物学过程和信号通路,为生脉散治疗心房纤颤后续的实验研究提供一定的参考。     

黄檀属植物新黄酮类化学成分与药理活性研究进展

新黄酮类化学成分(neoflavonoids)是黄檀属Dalbergia植物的一类特征性成分。据文献统计,迄今已有59个新黄酮类成分从该属植物中分离得到,按其基本骨架,主要分为黄檀酚类、黄檀醌类、黄檀内酯类、苯酰苯类及其他类。现代研究表明,该类成分具有抗骨质疏松、抗雄性激素、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抗氧化等多种生物活性。该文对黄檀属植物新黄酮类化学成分与药理活性进行综述,以期为黄檀属植物综合利用与新药开发提供参考。