2015—2019年扬州市食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测结果分析

目的 了解扬州市食品中化学污染物及有害因素的污染状况,确定风险因子的可能来源及分布,为食品安全防控工作提供数据依据。方法 依据每年扬州市《食品安全风险监测方案》,2015—2019年在扬州市辖区内采集食品样品,并进行相关化学污染物及有害因素的检测。结果 5年共检测23大类1 311份食品样品208个指标,样品合格率为97.79%;其中8类29份食品样品中13个指标超标,样品超标率为2.21%。不合格指标为蔬菜中农药残留和镉、茶叶和水果中农药残留、水产动物中总砷、藻类中铅、粉丝和油条中含铝添加剂、小麦制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、蜂蜜中甲硝唑。结论 扬州市食品中的化学污染情况总体较好,但部分食品中仍存在污染物超标现象,应引起相关部门的重视。     

慢性光化性皮炎的病因诊断及治疗

目的;探讨慢性光化性皮炎（ＣＡＤ）的病因,诊断及治疗,方法：查阅文献,对引起ＣＡＤ的光敏物、发病机理及治疗进行分析,结果：约１１％的ＣＡＤ患者有光敏物接触史;６２％光敏性隐匿;２７％有慢性皮炎病史;结论：ＣＡＤ发病与光变态反应有关,避光治疗有效。     

Informed consent, parental awareness, and reasons for participating in a randomised controlled study

BACKGROUND: The informed consent procedure plays a central role in randomised controlled trials but has only been explored in a few studies on children. AIM: To assess the quality of the informed consent process in a paediatric setting. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to parents who volunteered their child (230 children) for a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of ibuprofen syrup to prevent recurrent febrile seizures. RESULTS: 181 (79%) parents responded. On average, 73% of parents were aware of the major study characteristics. A few had difficulty understanding the information provided. Major factors in parents granting approval were the contribution to clinical science (51%) and benefit to the child (32%). Sociodemographic status did not influence initial participation but west European origin of the father was associated with willingness to participate in future trials. 89% of participants felt positive about the informed consent procedure; however, 25% stated that they felt obliged to participate. Although their reasons for granting approval and their evaluation of the informed consent procedure did not differ, relatively more were hesitant about participating in future. Parents appreciated the investigator being on call 24 hours a day (38%) and the extra medical care and information provided (37%) as advantages of participation. Disadvantages were mainly the time consuming aspects and the work involved (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' understanding of trial characteristics might be improved by designing less difficult informed consent forms and by the investigator giving extra attention and information to non-west European parents. Adequate measures should be taken to avoid parents feeling obliged to participate, rather than giving true informed consent.     

新鲜羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉的护理

翼状胬肉是眼科的常见病，常规治疗以单纯手术切除为主，虽然手术简单易行，但术后复发率高。我院自2001年以来至今采用新鲜羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉40例（46只眼），经6—30个月追踪观察，精心护理，获得满意效果。现报告如下。     

分子生物学技术在植入前诊断中的应用

植入前诊断是产前诊断非常早的一种方法，目的是放弃携带严重遗传病的胚胎，将健康胚胎植入母体。两种主要的方法是聚合酶链反应（PCR）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）。PCR用于单基因病诊断，FISH用于染色体异常诊断。临床主要应用于存在遗传风险的患者如携带单基因病和染色体易位的患者。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展，如比较基因组（CGH），全基因组扩增技术（WGA），引物延伸预扩增（PEP），间期核转换技术及DNA芯片技术（DNAchip）等PGD先进检测手段的应用，单细胞用于诊断单基因或多基因突变及染色体疾病，为期不远。     

急性白血病病人GST-π、MRP1表达及其相关性的临床研究

目的：检测急性白血病（acute leukemia，AL）病人谷胱甘肽硫转移酶-π（glutathione—S—transferltse-π，GST-π）、多药耐药相关蛋白1（multi—drug resistance relevant protein 1，MRP1）的表达，探讨二者与AL多药耐药（multi—drug resistance，MDR）的关系及临床意义，明确二者在AL中的表达有无相关性以及两者表达与AL病人临床特征的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学S—P法检测80例AL病人及30例正常人外周血单个核细胞GST-π、MPP1表达。运用SPSS10．0统计软件，采用X^2检验、四格表精确概率法、t检验、直线相关分析方法统计结果。结果：GST-π、MRP1在难治组的阳性率均高于初治组和完全缓解组；在初治组的阳性率均高于对照组。GST-π、MRP1在AL难治组中的表达具有高度相关性。GST-π、MRP1表达阳性组完全缓解率低于阴性组。GST-π、MRP1的表达与AL难治组病人年龄、性别、骨髓幼稚细胞比例及外周血白细胞计数无关。且两者在急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia，ALL）组、急性非淋巴细胞白血病（acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia，ANLL）组表达无差别。结论：GST-π和MRP1的高表达与AL临床耐药有关；GST-π和MRP1在难治组中的表达密切相关；GST-π和MRP1表达阳性的AL病人的完全缓解率明显降低，两者可能是影响AL疗效的重要指标；GST-π和MRP1在难治组表达阳性率与年龄、性别、外周血白细胞计数、骨髓幼稚细胞比例可能无关，且在ALL组与ANLL组中差别无统计学意义。     

74例颅内生殖细胞瘤放疗疗效分析

目的 分析颅内生殖细胞瘤的放疗疗效.方法 搜集2007年11月前接近18年内收治的颅内生殖细胞瘤病例74例,其中男35例,女39例,中位年龄15(5～45)岁.放疗前病理诊断9例,余65例20 Gy放疗后MRI显示病灶均明显缩小(>50%)或消失为临床诊断.应用6 MV X线全脑全脊髓放疗加局部补量照射、全脑放疗加局部补量照射、全脑室放疗加局部补量或肿瘤区局部照射,原发病灶区38.5～50.0 Gy,全脑或全脑室18～25 Gy,全脊髓21～25 Gy,分割剂量1.6～2.0Gy/次,5次/周.结果 中位随访时间80(12～168)个月,总随访率为97%,10年随访例数和随访率分别为14例和19%.1、5、10年总生存率和无复发生存率分别为99%和97%、96%和90%、93%和83%.共9例患者治疗失败,6例为照射野内复发,3例为照射野外转移.照射野内复发者中肿瘤剂量<40 Gy者3例.38例患者放疗后有不同程度的垂体前叶功能低下,部分需强的松等激素替代治疗.结论 放疗是颅内生殖细胞瘤的主要治疗手段,其照射剂量、范围要根据病灶数目、脑脊液检查等结果 来决定.