Restoration of immediately placed implants in 3 appointments: from surgical placement to definitive prostheses

This article describes a comprehensive approach that enables the clinician to place dental implants, and fabricate a provisional prosthesis and a definitive metal-acrylic resin or metal-ceramic fixed complete denture in 3 appointments. This technique allows the practitioner to immediately load the implants with a provisional fixed complete denture at the time of implant placement, to record the relative positions of the implants and soft tissues, the occlusal vertical dimension, maxillomandibular relationship, and tooth position at the second appointment by using the information provided by the provisional fixed denture, and to insert the definitive prosthesis at the third appointment. This technique reduces chair time for both the patient and the clinician, and could ultimately reduce the cost of implant treatment and potentially increase treatment acceptance.     

Non-invasive endotracheal delivery of paclitaxel-loaded alginate microparticles

Aerosolized chemotherapeutics leads to higher, localized and continuous concentrations of active agents in lung tissue with lower side effects for other organs. The present study was performed on jugular vein cannulated rats which endothracheally received 4 mg/kg of free paclitaxel powder (Free-PTX), paclitaxel-loaded alginate microparticles (PTX-ALG-MPs) and i.v. paclitaxel (Anzatax^®). Pharmacokinetic parameters for Free-PTX and PTX-ALG-MPs contain higher AUC, mean residence time (MRT),half-life and bioavailability, with lower elimination constant (k_e). Statistical analysis showed that the amount of paclitaxel per gram of lung tissue after 0.5, 6 and 24 h after administration of Free-PTX was lower than PTX-ALG-MPs. Lung tissue AUC for Free-PTX was lower than PTX-ALG-MPs. According to the obvious advantages obtained, such as dose lowering and increasing paclitaxel residence time and half-life. It should be noted that cell cytotoxicity test on normal airway cell lines was not examined in this study but due to previous reports on safety of inhaled paclitaxel, it can be suggested that pulmonary delivery of paclitaxel can be a useful non-invasive route of administration compared with i.v administration.     

Overweight induced by chronic risperidone exposure is correlated with overexpression of the SREBP-1c and FAS genes in mouse liver

Weight gain and metabolic disturbances, such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia, are common side effects of most antipsychotic drugs, including risperidone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic treatment with risperidone on body weight, fat accumulation, liver weight, and hepatic expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism in female mice. We also addressed the mechanism of risperidone induction of metabolic side effects by exploring its effect on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Eleven?weeks of treatment with long-acting risperidone (12.5?mpk/week) resulted in a significant weight gain associated with an increase of liver and adipose tissue weight. These effects were positively correlated with hepatic mRNA induction of two key genes involved in lipogenesis: sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Furthermore, in line with these in vivo results, risperidone elicited significant inductions of SREBP-1 maturation and FAS mRNA expression in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes associated with an increase of free fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid synthesis as assessed by acetate incorporation. The current investigations underscore the usefulness of a mouse model to study the weight gain observed with risperidone treatment in humans. This study shows that risperidone induces similar effects in the liver (in vivo) and in hepatocyte cell cultures (in vitro) on the expression of key genes and/or proteins that control lipid metabolism. This suggests that risperidone could alter lipid metabolism in the liver and induce weight gain in a way that is partly independent of its action on the central nervous system.     

Wright hang-back recession with fibrin glue compared with standard fixed suture recession for the treatment of horizontal strabismus

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the novel Wright hang-back recession with fibrin glue for the treatment of horizontal strabismus.Study DesignRetrospective, case-controlled clinical study comparing surgical outcomes of the Wright hang-back rectus recession with fibrin glue (WHBG) versus standard fixed suture rectus recession (SFR).MethodsMedical records of all patients who underwent strabismus surgery by one strabismus surgeon between 2016 and 2018 for horizontal deviations only, including cases of WHBG (group 1) or SFR (group 2), were reviewed. Good surgical outcome was defined as a postoperative deviation ≤10 prism diopters (PD) at a minimum 2 months of follow-up.Results32 eyes of 17 patients underwent WHBG and 32 eyes of 17 patients underwent SFR; in each group, 35% had esotropia and 65% had exotropia. Mean preoperative deviations between groups were similar: esotropia 25.5 PD and exotropia 26.6 PD in WHBG; esotropia 28.3 PD and exotropia 23.8 PD in SFR. The mean postoperative deviation was <7 PD for both groups. Good surgical outcomes were similar between groups, 16/17 (94%) in WHBG and 15/17 (88%) in SFR, with no complications.ConclusionsWHBG was safe and effective with postoperative results similar to SFR. WHBG has an important advantage, eliminating the complication of retinal perforation that can occur with SFR while avoiding under- or overcorrection that can occur with traditional hang-back recession. This technique increases patient safety without sacrificing surgical outcomes and is especially useful in patients with thin sclera such as patients with high myopia or with difficult posterior exposure.