Clinical features of patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus.

Clinical features of 16 patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared with those of 21 control patients with moderate or severe disease. Age at the time of diagnosis of SLE was higher in mild disease group. The incidence of the coexistence of Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) at the time of diagnosis of SLE was higher in patients who later developed mild disease. Anti-Sm antibody and decreased levels of C3, C4, and CH50 occurred less frequently in patients with mild disease. SLE patients with the coexistence of SS at the time of diagnosis of SLE may represent a subset with a benign prognosis.     

Induction of Cytotoxic Cell Activities by a Novel Cyclic Disulfide Compound, SA3443 in vivo

(4R)-Hexahydro-7, 7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1, 2, 5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443) is a newly synthesized cyclic disulfide compound which offers potential hepatoprotective properties.

The effect of SA3443 on the induction of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities was investigated. NK activity in BALB/c mice splenic cells was investigated using YAC-1 cells as target cells. SA3443, at a dose range of 30-300 mg/kg/day, augmented NK activity significantly when administered orally once daily for 4 days before the assay. Alloantigen-specific CTL activity in splenic cells from BALB/c mice was detected 9 days after sensitization with C57BL/6 mice splenic cells. SA3443, at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, augmented CTL activity significantly when administered orally, once daily for 4 days beginning after the sensitization and for 2 days before the assay, while a high dose of SA3443, at 300mg/kg, suppressed CTL activity.

From these results, it is thought that SA3443 may assist in the elimination of hepatitis viruses from the liver in patients with chronic active hepatitis, by the activation of NK and/or CTL activities.     

Basic and clinical studies of cefotiam in neonates and premature infants

The effect of cefotiam (CTM) on neonates and premature infants was examined in basic and clinical studies. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of CTM against 190 clinically isolated strains kept by this department were investigated. This drug was found to have a strong antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, although some strains were resistant. The CTM was given to 0-3, 4-7, and greater than or equal to 8 day-old premature infants and neonates by intravenous injection at the dose of 20 mg/kg, and we studied changes in serum CTM levels over time. Mean serum CTM levels were 62.3 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 16.4 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the injection, with the half-life of 3.6 hours, for the 0-3 day-old premature infants. They were 38.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 10.1 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life of 2.9 hours, for the 0-3 day-old neonates. Those levels were 22.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 2.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life of 1.9 hours, for the 4-7 day-old neonates, and 51.8 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 1.0 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life of 1.1 hours, for the greater than or equal to 8 day-old neonates. The CTM was given to 0-3 and greater than or equal to 8 day-old premature infants and neonates by 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at the dose of 20 mg/kg, and changes in serum CTM levels after the infusion were followed. The 0-3 day-old premature infant (there was only one subject) had a peak serum CTM level of 21.0 micrograms/ml 1 hour after the start of the infusion (that is, at the time of its completion), with the level decreased to 8.6 micrograms/ml at 7 hours and the half-life was 5.4 hours. The mean peak serum CTM level in 0-3 day-old neonates were 36.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, which decreased to a mean of 7.0 micrograms/ml at 7 hours; the half-life was 2.3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Extended Lid-Splitting Surgery of Marginal Eyelid Defects

The technique of extended lid-splitting surgery is described. This procedure was used to repair marginal defects of the lower and upper lid, and provided postoperative results that were excellent both functionally and cosmetically, principally because the technique allowed the anatomical structures to be maintained.     

Inhibition of HIV-1 replication and syncytium formation by synthetic CD4 peptides

Summary Only one peptide of CD₄ (amino acid residues 70–132) among 16 synthetic peptide fragments selectively inhibited HIV-1 replication and HIV-1-induced syncytium formation. Several smaller peptides within this region did not show any activity, except for the peptide (86–132) which showed somewhat lower activity.     

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation of organohalides on a nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified graphite felt electrode

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation of organohalides was studied using a nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified graphite felt electrode. The nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified graphite felt electrode was prepared by attaching nickel(II) (6-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)perchlorate chemically to the carboxyl groups of a thin poly(acrylic acid) layer coated on the graphite felt. The modified electrode gave a reversible electron transfer for the nickel(II)/nickel(I) redox couple in cyclic voltammetry at ?0.95 V versus Ag/AgCl. A preparative electrocatalytic dehalogenation of organohalides was successfully achieved on the modified electrode with an adequate current efficiency (55.6–94.8%), conversion (34.2–100%) and turnover number of the Ni catalyst (667–3333).