Clinical and functional correlations of left-atrial myocardial excursions in patients with mitral valve defects (I)]

Three types of atrial excursions correlating with the somatic symptoms of circulatory and respiratory dysfunctions, as well as with the degree of left atrial dilatation were intraoperatively recorded in patients with mitral valvular disease. Types I and II excursions were more common in patients with left atrioventricular stenosis, Type III in those with mitral incompetence. It is concluded that it is advisable to use left atrial myocardial excursion characteristics in the diagnosis of cardiac disease.     

Inhibition of thromboxane formation in vivo and ex vivo: implications for therapy with platelet inhibitory drugs

The capacity of platelets to generate thromboxane A2, reflected by measurement of serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2), greatly exceeds the systemic production of thromboxane in vivo. Thus, it is possible that substantial but incomplete inhibition of thromboxane formation ex vivo would still allow marked augmentation of thromboxane production in vivo. To address this hypothesis, we administered aspirin 120 mg, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthase (TxSl), 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl- methyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-1-propanoic acid (UK-38, 485) 200 mg, and a combination of both drugs to 12 healthy volunteers and measured the effects on serum TxB2 and urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 (Tx-M), an index of endogenous thromboxane biosynthesis. Although serum TxB2 was maximally inhibited by 94 +/- 1% after aspirin and 96 +/- 2% after the TxSl, maximal depression of Tx-M was only 28 +/- 8% and 37 +/- 9%, respectively. Combination of aspirin with the TxSl resulted in a small but significant increase in inhibition of thromboxane generation ex vivo (98 +/- 1% v 94 +/- 1%; P less than 0.05), but a disproportionately greater fall in thromboxane synthesis in vivo (58 +/- 7%; P less than 0.01). Consistent with further inhibition of platelet thromboxane synthesis, addition of the TxSl abolished the transient decline in prostacyclin formation after aspirin alone. Administration of a lower dose of aspirin (20 mg) to 6 healthy subjects caused a small reduction in Tx-M (12 +/- 4%; P less than 0.05) and inhibited serum TxB2 by 48 +/- 2%. The relationship between inhibition of platelet capacity to form thromboxane ex vivo (serum TxB2) and synthesis in vivo (Tx-M) departed markedly from the line of identity. When total blockade of the capacity of platelets to generate thromboxane is approached, minor decrements in capacity result in a disproportionate depression of actual thromboxane biosynthesis. These results imply that pharmacologic inhibition of serum TxB2 must be virtually complete before thromboxane- dependent platelet activation is influenced in vivo.     

CN80-2对鼠肝匀浆SOD,GSH-PX 的影响

本文给小鼠 CN80-2灌胃(3g/kg)14天,及鼠肝组织中加入 CN80-2(0.3g/ml)温育2h,均可提高鼠肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),其抑制脂质过氧化物的作用与冬虫夏草相近(P<0.05),CN80-2还可提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量。     

Nitric oxide and the control of renin secretion

Summary— Research during recent years has established nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule that plays important roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular, nervous, renal, immune and other systems. Nitric oxide has also been implicated in the control of the secretion of hormones by the pancreas, hypothalamus, pituitary and other endocrine glands, and evidence is accumulating that it contributes to the regulation of the secretion of renin by the kidneys. The enzyme nitric oxide synthetase is present in vascular and tubular elements of the kidney, particularly in cells of the macula densa , a structure that plays an important role in the control of renin secretion. Guanylyl cyclase, a major target for nitric oxide, is also present in the kidney and is responsive to changes in nitric oxide levels. Drugs that inhibit nitric oxide synthesis generally suppress renin release in vivo and in vitro , suggesting a stimulatory role for the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the control of renin secretion. Under some conditions, however, blockade of nitric oxide synthesis increases renin secretion. Recent studies indicate that nitric oxide not only contributes to the regulation of basal renin secretion, but also participates in the renin secretory responses to activation of the renal baroreceptor, macula densa and beta adrenoceptor mechanisms that regulate renin secretion. Future research should clarify the mechanisms by which nitric oxide regulates the secretion of renin and establish the physiological significance of this regulation.     

Injection Form of Tissue-Engineering Construct on the Basis of Autogenous Chondroblasts for Regeneration of the Cartilaginous Tissue

We present an injection form of tissue-engineering construct on the basis of autogenous human chondroblasts for regeneration of the cartilaginous tissue. A material meeting the requirements for the creation of the injection form of an ITC construct (injectable chondrocyte transplantation) was used as the matrix carrier. The developed construct on the basis of autogenous human chondroblasts and homogenized hemostatic gelatin sponge is now at the stage of complex experimental testing. Translated from Kletochnye Tehnologii v Biologii i Meditsine, No. 4, pp. 183–187, November, 2008